Table 1.
Summary of risk factors associated with carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection
| Risk factor | Case patients (n = 20) | Control patients (n = 40) |
Univariable analysis |
Multivariable analysis |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | |||
| Male sex |
13 (65.0) |
21 (52.5) |
0.59 (0.19-1.81) |
0.36 |
|
|
| Mean Age (years) |
59.6 |
64.9 |
5.35 (−6.89-17.59) |
0.38 |
|
|
|
McCabe score |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Rapidly fatal |
4 (20.0) |
11 (27.5) |
1.52 (0.42-5.55) |
0.75 |
|
|
| Potentially fatal/Non-fatal |
16 (80.0) |
29 (72.5) |
|
|
|
|
| Charlson score ≥ 3 |
11 (55.0) |
12 (30.0) |
2.85 (0.94-8.66) |
0.06 |
|
|
| Transplant receipt |
7 (35.0) |
6 (15.0) |
0.33 (0.09-1.16) |
0.10 |
|
|
| Prior corticosteroid use |
16 (80.0) |
22 (55.0) |
0.31 (0.09-1.08) |
0.06 |
|
|
| Prior surgery |
14 (70.0) |
22 (55.0) |
0.53 (0.17-1.64) |
0.27 |
|
|
| Dialysis |
6 (30.0) |
6 (15.0) |
0.42 (0.12-1.49) |
0.17 |
|
|
| ICU stay* |
20 (100) |
32 (80.0) |
0.62 (0.49-0.76) |
0.03 |
- |
- |
| Mean APACHE II score at admission |
22.1 |
16.4 |
1.10 (1.02-1.19) |
0.02 |
1.10 (0.97-1.25) |
0.13 |
| Mean SOFA score at admission |
7.35 |
5.63 |
1.14 (0.98-1.32) |
0.09 |
|
|
| Mean length of stay before infection (days) |
45.5 |
27 |
|
0.11 |
|
|
|
Device use |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CVC |
17 (85.0) |
23 (57.5) |
4.18 (1.10-16.7) |
0.04 |
0.05 (0.01-2.20) |
0.12 |
| Mechanical ventilation |
4 (20.0) |
5 (12.5) |
0.57 (0.13-2.42) |
0.46 |
|
|
| Urinary catheter |
12 (60.0) |
29 (72.5) |
1.56 (0.51-4.77) |
0.44 |
||
|
Mean device use (days) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| CVC |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Urinary catheter |
23.5 |
12.2 |
|
0.02 |
1.07 (0.99-1.16) |
0.07 |
| Mechanical ventilation |
13.0 |
17.1 |
|
0.56 |
|
|
| 21.0 |
22.0 |
|
0.98 |
|||
| Prior antimicrobial use** | 20 (100) | 31 (77.5) | 1.67 (1.32-2.05) | 0.02 | - | 1.0 |
Univariable analysis shows carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae infection was associated with previous ICU stay, central venous catheter catheterization, a longer central venous catheter use, and exposure to antimicrobials. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that only the length of central venous catheter was independently associated with carbapenem resistance.
*The variable ICU stay was constant for all selected cases. Since a constant was requested in the model, it was removed from the analysis.
**The prior use of antimicrobial agents was considered independently of the antimicrobial class used, for the multivariate analysis.
Abbreviations used: CVC, central venous catheter.
Figures in parentheses represent percentage values unless otherwise stated.