Table 3.
Participant characteristics in longitudinal studies of early-onset bipolar disorder
| PEA-BP N = 93 |
COBY N = 438 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age range | 7 to 16 | 7 to 17–11 |
| Mean age (SD) | 10.9 (2.6) | 13.0 (3.1) |
| % Male | 61 | 53 |
| % White | 89 | 82 |
| Referral source | ||
| Pediatric and/or psychiatric outpatient clinics (%) |
100 | 65 |
| Inpatient units (%) | 16 | |
| Advertisements (%) | 11 | |
| Physician referrals (%) | 8 | |
| Diagnosis | ||
| BP-I (%) | 89 | 58 |
| BP-II (%) | 11a | 7 |
| BP-NOS (%) | 0 | 35 |
| Mean age of onset (SD) | 7.3 (3.5) | 9.3 (3.9) |
| Mean duration of disorder (SD) (years) |
3.6 (2.5) | 3.3 (2.5) |
| Comorbidity with | ||
| ADHD (%) | 86.0b | 59.8 |
| ODD (%) | 77.9b | 39.5 |
| CD (%) | 12.8b | 12.8 |
| Any anxiety disorder (%) | 17.4b | 39.0 |
| Psychosis (%) | 60.2 | 27.6 |
| Functional Impairment at Intake, C-GAS mean (SD) |
43.3 (7.6) | 54.6 (12.1) |
| Suicidal ideation (%) | 24.7c | 76.2 |
| Suicide attempt (%) | 30.7 |
PEA-BP Prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar phenotype
COBY Course and outcome of bipolar youth
In longitudinal follow-up eight of the ten participants with hypomania, developed mania, thus only two participants retained a diagnosis of BP-II throughout the study
Comorbidity data and illness onset for the PEA-BP sample is reported for the 86 participants who continued their involvement in the study for 4 years, as reported in Geller et al. (2004)
Suicidality in the PEA-BP sample comes from their answers to a specific question on the WASH-U-KSADS with a rating scale from no ideation to ideation to suicide attempt. This item was rated present if the youth had a plan or intent or daily morbid ideation (Geller et al. 2000a). Rates of suicide attempts were not reported