. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 18.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2009 Sep;12(3):271–293. doi: 10.1007/s10567-009-0055-2

Table 7.

Characteristics and social relationships of prepubertal and early adolescent bipolar phenotype (PEA-BP), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and community control (CC) groups

Characteristic	% PEA-BP (n = 93)	% ADHD (n = 81)	% CC (n = 94)
Living in an intact biological family School	54.8^a	61.7^a	89.4^b
School behavior problems	78.5^a	29.6^b	4.3^c
Low grades	44.1^a	21.0^a	1.1^b
Peers and siblings
Few/no friends	55.9^a	24.7^b	6.4^b
Frequent teasing	52.7^a	35.8^a	9.6^b
Poor social skills	63.4^a	29.6^b	5.3^c
Poor sibling relations	40.7^a	22.5^ab	6.8^b
Mother–child relations
Frequent activities	76.3^a	93.7^ab	98.9^b
Usually confides	47.3^a	61.2^a	83.0^b
Corporal punishment ≥1× per month	30.1^a	25.0^ab	4.3^b
Mutual warmth	45.2^a	75.0^b	94.7^c
Father–child relations
Usually confides	23.2^a	38.8^ab	52.7^b
Frequent hostility	47.6^a	23.8^b	2.2^c
Mutual warmth	29.2^a	45.0^a	81.7^b
Overall frequent tension	40.2^a	17.5^b	2.1^b
Marital relations
Frequent irritability	32.9^a	32.9^a	7.7^b
Frequent complaining	45.1^a	37.0^ab	12.1^b
Problem solving	65.9^a	67.1^a	92.3^b
Agree on child-rearing	53.6^a	64.4^a	89.0^b
Infrequent overall tension	35.4^a	49.3^ab	77.5^b

Notes: This table summarizes the significant results provided in Geller et al. (2000). Values with different superscripts indicate statistically significant differences (at p < .001) per logistic regression analyses