Figure 2.

Synergistic effects of metformin and resveratrol-HMB on AMPK and Sirt1 activity in C2C12 muscle cells and 3T3L1 adipocytes. Differentiated muscle cells and adipocytes were treated with the treatments indicated. (A and B) AMPK activity in C2C12 cell lysates. (C) Sirt1 activity in 3T3L1 cell lysates. (D) Quantitative band analysis of AMPK phosphorylation in 3T3L1 adipocytes. (E) Western blots of AMPK in 3T3L1 cell lysates using anti-phospho-AMPK-α (Thr172) and anti-AMPKα antibodies. AICAR was used as a positive control. (F) P-AMPK/AMPK ratio in 3T3L1 adipocytes.Notes: Data are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (n = 4). Bars with the same letter superscripts are not significantly different from each other; bars with nonmatching letter superscripts indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05).

Abbreviations: AFU, arbitrary fluorescent units; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; HMB, hydroxymethylbutyrate; MET, metformin; RESV, resveratrol.