Table I.
Alzheimer’s disease drugs and selected compounds in various stages of clinical trials.
Compound | Trade name | Source | Pathway | Status | Year of approval (US FDA) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tacrine | Cognex® | Synthetic | AChE inhibitors | Market | 1993 |
Donepezil | Aricept® | Synthetic | AChE inhibitors | Market | 1996 |
Rivastigmine | Exelon® | Synthetic (natural product-inspired) | AChE inhibitors | Market | 2000 |
Galantamine | Razadyne® | Natural product (plant) | AChE inhibitors | Market | 2001 |
Memantine | Axura®, Namenda®, Abixa® and Memox | Synthetic | N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist | Market | 2004 |
Curcumin | Natural product (plant) | Aβ plaques | Phase II | ||
Homotaurine | Alzhamed™ | Natural product (algae) | Aβ plaques | Phase III (failed) | |
R-flurbiprofen | Flurizan™ | Synthetic | Aβ plaques | Phase III (failed) | |
Minocycline | Synthetic (natural product-inspired) | Aβ/tau/microglia | Phase II | ||
Methylene blue | Rember™ | Synthetic | Tau aggregation | Phase II | |
Tideglusib | Zentylor™ | Synthetic | Tau aggregation | Phase II |