Table 5.
Scoring of patient’s multifactorial lifestyle by impact points in healthy and unhealthy lifestyle groups
| Total number | Healthy lifestyle (< 3 Points)a | Unhealthy lifestyle (> 2 Points)b | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Patients |
1654 |
1484 |
|
170 |
|
|
|
ml/sample (mean ± sd) |
|
2.5 |
± 1.3 |
2.8 |
± 1.6 |
<0.001 |
|
Mio/ml (mean ± sd) |
|
23.9 |
± 32.7 |
22.4 |
± 23 |
n.s. |
|
Mio/sample (mean ± sd) |
|
58.5 |
± 110.2 |
58.6 |
± 68.7 |
n.s. |
|
Grade a Sperm (%) |
|
5.3 |
± 8.2 |
4.5 |
± 7.7 |
<0.05 |
|
Grade b Sperm (%) |
|
32.5 |
± 17.9 |
31.4 |
± 17.5 |
n.s. |
|
Grade c Sperm (%) |
|
18.3 |
± 14.4 |
17.7 |
± 13.7 |
n.s. |
|
Grade d Sperm (%) |
|
43.9 |
± 20.4 |
46.2 |
± 20.9 |
n.s. |
|
Class I (%) |
|
6.5 |
± 6.6 |
5.6 |
± 5.9 |
<0.01 |
|
Class II (%) |
|
42.8 |
± 14.4 |
43.7 |
± 14.4 |
n.s. |
| Class III (%) | 50.7 | ± 18.2 | 50.7 | ± 17.5 | n.s. | |
Factors which might negatively affect sperm quality such as BMI (> 25 kg/m2), age (> 50 years), coffee (> 3 cups/day), sexual abstinence (> 2 days) and ejaculation frequency (< 4 times/month) were scored with one point and set in correlation to semen parameters. Cut-off for (un-)healthy lifestyle was set to 2 points. a 216 patients = 0 points, 656 patients = 1 point; 613 patients = 2 points; b 149 patients = 3 points; 20 patients = 4 points, 1 patient = 5 points; n.s.: not significant.