Table 1.
Participants’ demographic and smoking characteristics by nicotine dependence* (N = 246)
| Variable | Nicotine Dependence*
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Not Nicotine Dependent | Nicotine Dependent | p-value | |
| N (%) | 34 (14) | 212 (86) | |
|
| |||
| Age in years, Mean (SD) | 46.1 (4.8) | 47.9 (5.9) | 0.097 |
| Location† | |||
| Baltimore, MD | 32 (94.2) | 178 (84.0) | 0.188 |
| Washington, DC | 2 (5.9) | 34 (16.0) | |
| Female | 17 (50.0) | 84 (39.6) | 0.254 |
| Education, ≥ 12 years | 27 (79.4) | 154 (72.6) | 0.406 |
| Income, ≥ $12,000 | 20 (58.8) | 95 (44.8) | 0.128 |
| Employed | 16 (47.1) | 76 (35.9) | 0.210 |
| Marital status†‡ | |||
| Single / never married | 23 (67.7) | 118 (55.9) | 0.464 |
| Married/ living as married | 1 (2.9) | 16 (7.6) | |
| Divorced, separated / widowed | 10 (29.4) | 77 (36.5) | |
| Current alcohol consumption | |||
| None | 6 (17.7) | 25 (11.8) | 0.294 |
| Casual drinker | 14 (41.2) | 70 (33.0) | |
| Regular drinker | 14 (41.2) | 117 (55.2) | |
| Ever-marijuana use | 11 (32.3) | 94 (44.3) | 0.190 |
| Difficulty to quit smoking | |||
| Easy | 18 (52.9) | 43 (20.3) | <0.001 |
| Difficult / Impossible | 16 (47.1) | 169 (79.7) | |
| Heaviness of smoking†§ | |||
| < 20 cigarettes | 29 (85.3) | 76 (35.9) | <0.001 |
| ≥ 20 cigarettes | 5 (14.7) | 136 (64.2) | |
| Time to first cigarette†§ | |||
| 30 – > 60 minutes | 15 (44.1) | 80 (37.7) | 0.478 |
| ≥ 5 – 30 minutes | 19 (55.9) | 132 (62.3) | |
| Difficulty to refrain from smoking† | |||
| No | 31 (91.2) | 165 (77.8) | 0.106 |
| Yes | 3 (8.8) | 47 (22.2) | |
| Past childhood SHS exposure† | 30 (88.2) | 178 (84.0) | 0.619 |
| Past adult home SHS exposure† | 29 (85.3) | 197 (92.9) | 0.168 |
| Current adult home SHS exposure | 16 (47.1) | 142 (67.0) | 0.024 |
| SHS exposure in other settings|| | 23 (67.7) | 163 (76.9) | 0.244 |
Data represent N (%) or mean (standard deviation)
Column total may not equal 100% due to rounding
*
Clinical nicotine dependence measured by DSM IV criteria (based on experiencing 3 or more symptoms)
†
Fisher Exact or χ2 test
‡
Marital status, n=245
§
Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)
||
Exposure at the following settings: work, vehicle, and public places