Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted association between individual, pharmacy, neighborhood characteristics and frequency counseling services
| Study Characteristics | Medical Conditions | Health Insurance | Other Products | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| OR | 95%CI | AOR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | AOR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | AOR | 95%CI | |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | ref. | ref. | ref. | |||||||||
| Female | 0.6 | (0.4–0.9)a | 1.0 | (0.6–1.6) | 0.9 | (0.6–1.4) | 0.7 | (0.4–1.1) | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| African-American | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | |||||||
| White | 3.5 | (1.7 –7.4)a | 2.4 | (1.0–5.7)b | 1.9 | (0.8–4.5) | 1.1 | (0.4–2.9) | 1.8 | (0.8–4.1) | 1.0 | (0.4–2.4) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 1.2 | (0.7–2.1) | 1.6 | (0.9–3.1) | 0.7 | (0.4–1.2) | 1.2 | (0.7–2.1) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.9) | 1.0 | (0.5–1.9) |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1.9 | (1.0–3.8)a | 1.4 | (0.7–3.0) | 0.9 | (0.5–1.8) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.4) | 1.4 | (0.6–3.5) | 1.0 | (0.4–2.4) |
| South Asian | 1.6 | (0.9–2.9) | 1.3 | (0.7–2.7) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.4) | 0.8 | (0.4–1.9) | 0.9 | (0.4–2.1) | 0.7 | (0.3–1.6) |
| Other | 1.3 | (0.5–3.2) | 1.3 | (0.5–3.7) | 1.0 | (0.4–2.5) | 1.4 | (0.5–3.8) | 1.0 | (0.3–3.2) | 1.0 | (0.3–2.9) |
| Staff position | ||||||||||||
| Pharmacist | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ||||||
| Owner/manager | 0.9 | (0.4–2.3) | 0.8 | (0.3–2.1) | 0.8 | (0.3–2.1) | 0.9 | (0.3–2.5) | 0.5 | (0.2–1.2) | 0.4 | (0.2 – 1.1)b |
| Technician/clerk | 0.3 | (0.2–0.5)a | 0.3 | (0.2–0.6)a | 0.5 | (0.3–0.7)a | 0.5 | (0.2–0.8)a | 0.5 | (0.3–0.8)a | 0.6 | (0.3 – 1.1)b |
| Years worked in pharmacies | 1.0 | (1.0–1.1)a | 1.0 | (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 | (1.0–1.1)a | 1.0 | (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 | (1.0–1.1)a | 1.0 | (1.0–1.1)a |
| Perceived drug activity | ||||||||||||
| High | 1.1 | (0.6–2.1) | 1.5 | (0.8–3.1) | 1.2 | (0.6–2.4) | 1.6 | (0.7–3.6) | 0.6 | (0.2–1.7) | ||
| Moderate | 2.0 | (1.0–4.0)a | 2.4 | (1.1–4.9)a | 1.2 | (0.6–2.7) | 1.3 | (0.6–3.2) | 0.8 | (0.3–2.3) | ||
| Low | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | |||||||
| Don’t know | 0.8 | (0.4–1.6) | 1.1 | (0.5–2.3) | 0.4 | (0.2–0.9)a | 0.6 | (0.2–1.3) | 0.4 | (0.2–1.2) | ||
| Pharmacy Type | ||||||||||||
| Independent | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ||||||||
| Chain | 0.8 | (0.5–1.2) | 1.6 | (1.1–2.4)a | 1.7 | (1.1–2.8)a | 0.8 | (0.5–1.2) | ||||
| Number of prescriptions filled | ||||||||||||
| <500 | ref. | ref. | ref. | |||||||||
| >500 | 0.8 | (0.5–1.3) | 1.4 | (0.9–2.3) | 1.1 | (1.0–1.3) | ||||||
| Borough/area | ||||||||||||
| The Bronx | 0.7 | (0.5–1.0)b | 0.6 | (0.4–1.0)b | 0.8 | (0.4–1.4) | 1.1 | (0.6–2.2) | ||||
| Brooklyn | 0.6 | (0.4–1.1) | 0.6 | (0.4–1.0)b | 1.1 | (0.6–2.3) | 1.4 | (0.7–2.8) | ||||
| Queens | 1.3 | (0.7–2.2) | 1.0 | (0.5–1.9) | 1.0 | (0.6–1.8) | 0.9 | (0.4–2.0) | ||||
| Lower Manhattan | 0.5 | (0.3–0.8)a | 0.4 | (0.2–0.8)a | 1.1 | (0.6–2.0) | 0.9 | (0.4–2.0) | ||||
| Upper Manhattan | ref. | ref. | ref. | ref. | ||||||||
| Townsend Index | 1.0 | (0.9–1.1) | 0.9 | (0.8–1.0) | 1.0 | (0.3–1.3)b | 1.2 | (1.0–1.3)a | ||||
| Median household income | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | 1.2 | (1.0–1.4)a | 1.1 | (0.7–1.5) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.3) | ||||
| Percent minority residents | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | 0.8 | (0.7–1.0) | 1.3 | (0.8–2.2) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.3) | ||||
| Percent foreign-born | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | 1.1 | (0.9–1.5) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.3) | ||||
| Percent employment disability | 0.9 | (0.8–1.1) | 0.8 | (0.6–0.9)a | 0.6 | (0.5–0.8)a | 0.9 | (0.7–1.2) | ||||
a
p ≤ 0.05
b
p < 0.10