MfpB protects the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase from inhibition by MfpA. (A) MfpA inhibits gyrase supercoiling activity in a concentration-dependent manner. One unit of E. coli DNA gyrase and 100 ng of relaxed pUC19 were used in the reactions; MfpA concentrations from 0 to 8 μM were added. (B) MfpB prevents inhibition of E. coli gyrase supercoiling activity by MfpA, but MfpB alone had no effect on the function of DNA gyrase. One unit of E. coli DNA gyrase and 100 ng of relaxed pUC19 were used for the reactions; lane 1, relaxed pUC19; lane 2, DNA gyrase and 0.02 mM of bovine serum albumin; lane 3, DNA gyrase and 2 μM of MfpA; lane 4, DNA gyrase and 2 μM of MfpB; lane 5, DNA gyrase, 2 μM of MfpA and 2 μM of MfpB. (C) The effect of MfpB on protecting E. coli DNA gyrase from MfpA inhibition is concentration-dependent. One unit of DNA gyrase, 100 ng of relaxed pUC19 and 2 μM of MfpA were used in the reaction. Increasing concentrations of MfpB, from 0 to 5.0 μM, were used. (D) MfpB mutants with reduced GTPase activity are unable to protect gyrase from MfpA inhibition. In all, 0.5 units of E. coli DNA gyrase, 1 μM of MfpA, 1 mM of GTP and 2 μM of MfpB or the corresponding mutant protein were used in the assays. A total of 1 (lane 7) or 10 mM (lane 8) GDP were used in the assays to replace GTP in the indicated reactions. (E) MfpB, but not its M2, M5 and M7 mutants, prevents inhibition of M. smegmatis (Msm) gyrase supercoiling activity by MfpA.