Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample
| Cases (n = 218) | Controls (n = 236) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year: mean ± SD (median) | 67.8 ± 7.8 (69.0) | 61.7 ± 10.7 (64.0) | 0.0001 |
| Weight, kg: mean ± SD | 72.4 ± 13.8 | 73.4 ± 14.5 | 0.358 |
| Height, cm: mean ± SD | 169.6 ± 6.6 | 171.4 ± 7.0 | 0.007 |
| BMI, kg/m2: mean ± SD | 25.1 ± 4.6 | 24.9 ± 4.1 | 0.751 |
| Education (%) | |||
| Primary or less | 90.1 | 80.8 | 0.011 |
| Secondary or higher | 9.9 | 19.2 | |
| Smoking (%) | |||
| Non-smoker | 23.0 | 24.5 | 0.900 |
| Ex-smoker | 61.5 | 59.4 | |
| Current smoker | 15.5 | 16.2 | |
| Alcohol intake | |||
| Non-drinker | 67.9 | 59.7 | 0.176 |
| <6.4 g/day | 15.8 | 19.5 | |
| >6.4 g/day | 16.3 | 20.8 | |
| Family history of prostate cancer (%) | 16.1 | 11.0 | 0.116 |
| Vitamin use | 22.8 | 30.0 | 0.102 |
| Cases only (% n) | |||
| Low-grade cancera | 43.5 (95) | – | |
| High-grade cancerb | 53.2 (116) | – | |
| Unknown | 3.2 (7) | – | |
| Serum folate. nmol/L: mean ± SD (median) | 12.3 ± 4.1 (12.4) | 9.7 ± 4.2 (9.1) | 0.0001 |
| Folate intake (μg/d): mean ± SD (median) | 754 ± 274 (757) | 793 ± 294 (768) | 0.158 |
aLow-grade cancer indicates Gleason score of <7
bHigh-grade cancer indicates Gleason score of ≥7