Table 3.
Odds ratios (OR) and 95 % CI for association of serum folate concentrations with prostate cancera
| Tertiles of serum folate | ptrend | Folate per 10 nmol/L OR (95 % CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 OR |
2 OR (95 % CI) |
3 OR (95 % CI) |
|||
| Serum folate, nmol/L | 2.9–7.3 | 7.4–10.9 | 11.0–24.0 | ||
| Total prostate cancera | |||||
| Cases/controls | 32/77 | 53/80 | 133/79 | 218/236 | |
| Age adjusted | 1.00 (ref.) | 2.06 (1.15–3.67) | 4.83 (2.82–8.25) | 0.0001 | 4.81 (2.89–7.98) |
| Multivariableb | 1.00 (ref.) | 2.82 (1.44–5.53) | 5.82 (3.12–10.88) | 0.0001 | 4.41 (2.52–7.72) |
| Low-grade cancerc | |||||
| Cases/controls | 15/77 | 26/80 | 54/79 | 95/236 | |
| Age adjusted | 1.00 (ref.) | 2.07 (0.99–4.32) | 4.02 (2.04–7.92) | 0.0001 | 4..07 (2.23–7.46) |
| Multivariableb | 1.00 (ref.) | 2.83 (1.18–6.74) | 5.26 (2.34–1.84) | 0.0001 | 3.98 (2.05–7.76) |
| High-grade cancerd | |||||
| Cases/controls | 15/77 | 26/80 | 75/79 | 116/236 | |
| Age adjusted | 1.00 (ref.) | 2.35 (1.11–4.98) | 5.79 (2.95–11.36) | 0.0001 | 4.81 (2.65–8.70) |
| Multivariableb | 1.00 (ref) | 3.05 (1.27–7.30) | 6.78 (3.06–15.03) | 0.0001 | 4.51 (2.31–8.82) |
a7 cases—Gleason scores unknown
bModels adjusted for age and BMI and total energy intake as continuous, education (primary or less, secondary or higher), family history of prostate cancer (no/yes), vitamin use (no/yes), alcohol intake (non-drinker, <6.4, >6.4 g/day), and smoking (non-smoker, ex-smoker, current smoker)
cLow-grade cancer indicates Gleason score of <7
dHigh-grade cancer indicates Gleason score of ≥7