Figure 2.

A, B, C) Effect of parecoxib on serum concentrations of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery with CPB. Serum concentrations of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 (A) and IL‐8 (B) increased after CPB in both groups and peaked at 2 h after CPB, evaluated by ELISA, showing that the peak concentrations were diminished by parecoxib. Serum concentrations of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 (C) were elevated and peaked earlier at the end of CPB, and the elevation was enhanced by parecoxib. Data are shown by means ± SD, *P < 0.05 vs. control group. Timepoints: T1, before start of CPB; T2, at the end of CPB; T3, 2 h after the CPB; T4, 12 h after the CPB; T5, 24 h after the CPB. : control group; : parecoxib group