Fig. 5.

Blockade of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 decreases resistance to paclitaxel in AGS cells. The cell viability assay demonstrated that AGS cell cytotoxicity was increased following combined treatment with paclitaxel and bevacizumab compared with treatment with paclitaxel alone. The increase of cytotoxicity was most pronounced when paclitaxel, anti-VEGFR-1, and anti-VEGFR-2 were applied simultaneously. Cells were maintained in normoxia or hypoxia for 24 h with paclitaxel following a 4-h pre-incubation with neutralizing antibody. Cell proliferation was normalized on the normoxic control. Values are expressed as means±SEM (n=3). ^*p<0.05. VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; SEM, standard error of the mean.