Table 1.
Studies comparing imprinted genes between in vivo and in vitro-conceived normal offspring in humans
| Author | Patients tested | Approach | Genes Studied | Tissue Studied | Difference* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gomes et al (45) | 18 ART 30 in vivo 3 BWS (control) |
MS-PCR | 1 (KvDMR1) | Cord Blood Placenta Peripheral Blood |
yes |
| Katagiri et al (42) | 65 ART 924 in vivo |
RT PCR | 4 (IGF2, H19, KCNQ1OT1, CDKN1C) | Placenta | yes |
| Katari et al (40) | 10 ART 13 in vivo |
platform array RT-PCR |
736 genes 183 imprinted 23 mono-allelic |
Cord Blood Placenta |
yes |
| Kobayshi et al (46) | 78 ART 38 in vivo |
Bisulfite PCR |
8 (H19, GTL2, PEG1, KCNQ1OT1, ZAC, PEG3, SNRPN, XIST) | Placenta (CVS) | yes |
| Tierling et al (48) | 77 ICSI 35 IVF 73 in vivo |
Bisulfite PCR |
10 (KvDMR1, H19, SNRPN, MEST, GRB10, MEG3, IG-DMR, GNAS, NESP55, GNAS, NESPas, GNAS XL alpha-s, GNAS Exon1A) | Cord Blood Peripheral Blood Amnion/Chorion |
no |
| Turan et al (44) | 45 ART 56 in vivo |
RT PCR | 2 (IGF2/H19, IGF2R) | Cord Blood Placenta Peripheral Blood |
yes |
| Zechner et al (41) | 42 ART 29 in vivo |
Bisulfite PCR |
9 (H19, MEG3, LIT1, MEST, NESP55, PEG3, SNRPN, NANOG, APC) | Placenta (CVS) | yes |
Differences noted between ART and in vivo
APC: Adenomatous polyposis coli
ART: Assisted reproductive technology
BWS: Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome
CDKN1C: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C
CVS: Chorionic villus sampling
GNAS=NESP: Guanine nucleotide binding protein alpha stimulating activity polypeptide=neuroendocrine secretory protein
GRB10: Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10
GTL2: Gene trap locus 2
IGF2: Insulin-like growth factor
IGFR: Insulin-like growth factor receptor
KCNQ1OT1=LIT1=KvDMR1: KCNQ1 Overlapping transcript 1=Long QT intronic transcript 1=Kv Differentially methylated region
MEG3: Maternally expressed imprinted gene
MEST: Mesoderm specific transcript
MS: Methylation sensitive
NANOG: Homeobox transcription factor
PCR: Polymerase chain reaction
PEG: Paternally-expressed gene
RT: Real time
SNRPN: Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein-associated protein N
XIST: X (inactive)-specific transcript