Table 3.
Tests of Fixed Effects in Mixed-Effects Model Repeated Measures ANOVA for Measures of Psychopathology, Substance Use, Functioning, Quality of Life, and Medication Adherence
| Effect | F test | df | P | Effect | F test | df | P |
| Symptoms | Substance use | ||||||
| BPRS total scorea | AUDITa | ||||||
| Group | 0.07 | 174.6 | .786 | Group | 0.01 | 183.2 | .918 |
| Time | 2.23 | 5122.6 | .055 | Time | 1.30 | 5130.1 | .272 |
| Group × time | 1.13 | 5122.6 | .347 | Group × time | 0.73 | 5130.1 | .603 |
| BPRS positive symptomsa | SDSa | ||||||
| Group | 2.41 | 180.4 | .124 | Group | 0.42 | 176.6 | .517 |
| Time | 1.55 | 5148.5 | .178 | Time | 1.75 | 5118.3 | .128 |
| Group × time | 0.41 | 5148.5 | .844 | Group × time | 0.60 | 5118.3 | .703 |
| SANSa | ASSIST alcohol | ||||||
| Affect | Group | 0.44 | 180.72 | .509 | |||
| Group | 0.30 | 177.8 | .589 | Time | 0.56 | 5154.1 | .729 |
| Time | 1.45 | 5130.9 | .209 | Group × time | 1.47 | 5154.1 | .204 |
| Group × time | 1.14 | 5130.9 | .342 | ASSIST Cannabis | |||
| Alogia | Group | 0.35 | 179.8 | .558 | |||
| Group | 3.00 | 176.5 | .089 | Time | 0.75 | 5140.9 | .588 |
| Time | 4.06 | 5214.1 | .002 | Group × time | 0.33 | 5140.9 | .896 |
| Group × time | 4.15 | 5214.1 | .001 | Functioning | |||
| Avolition | SOFAS | ||||||
| Group | 0.52 | 180.0 | .475 | Group | 0.80 | 179.1 | .374 |
| Time | 1.59 | 5148.1 | .168 | Time | 2.52 | 5128.4 | .033 |
| Group × time | 1.70 | 5148.1 | .137 | Group × time | 2.30 | 5128.4 | .049 |
| Anhedonia | Quality of life | ||||||
| Group | 0.02 | 178.9 | .879 | Physical | |||
| Time | 2.62 | 5144.8 | .027 | Group | 1.00 | 176.4 | .320 |
| Group × time | 1.50 | 5144.8 | .191 | Time | 0.79 | 5135.9 | .556 |
| Attention | Group × time | 0.63 | 5135.9 | .676 | |||
| Group | 2.20 | 178.1 | .142 | Psychological | |||
| Time | 0.40 | 5154.2 | .849 | Group | 1.41 | 175.9 | .239 |
| Group × time | 2.71 | 5154.2 | .023 | Time | 1.90 | 5124.5 | .100 |
| Summaryb | Group × time | 0.81 | 5124.5 | .545 | |||
| Group | 1.38 | 180.6 | .243 | Social relationships | |||
| Time | 2.11 | 5185.5 | .066 | Group | 0.58 | 176,1 | .450 |
| Group × time | 2.28 | 5185.5 | .049 | Time | 1.05 | 5142.4 | .392 |
| MADRSa | Group × time | 1.16 | 5142.4 | .331 | |||
| Group | 1.02 | 172.5 | .316 | Environment | |||
| Time | 16.63 | 5165.9 | <.001 | Group | 1.21 | 176.1 | .275 |
| Group × time | 1.02 | 5165.9 | .406 | Time | 0.75 | 5138.1 | .591 |
| SUMD | Group × time | 0.56 | 5138.1 | .732 | |||
| Awareness of disorder (past and current) | Medication adherencea | ||||||
| Group | 0.04 | 170.4 | .840 | Group | 0.03 | 165.2 | .866 |
| Time | 1.75 | 5154.9 | .127 | Time | 2.59 | 5109.8 | .030 |
| Group × time | 0.76 | 5154.9 | .583 | Group × time | 2.35 | 5109.8 | .045 |
| Awareness of medication (past and current) | |||||||
| Group | 0.48 | 1, 71.0 | .492 | ||||
| Time | 1.15 | 5, 145.3 | .336 | ||||
| Group × time | 1.29 | 5, 145.3 | .273 | ||||
Note: BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; SANS, Schedule for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SUMD, Scale for Unawareness of Mental Disorders; MADRS, Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale; AUDIT, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; SDS, Severity of Dependence Scale; ASSIST, Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test; SOFAS, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale. Bold values indicate significant effects ( P < .05).
Analyses based on logarithmic (plus constant)-transformed data due to extreme positive skewness.
Summary score was computed by summing the 5 global items of the SANS.