Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusted percentages (standard error) of lipids and apolipoprotein B among adults aged ≥20 years, by glycemic status and survey, National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1988–1991 and 2005-2006
| |
Diagnosed diabetes |
Undiagnosed diabetes |
Prediabetes |
Normal |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1988-1991 | 2005-2008 | P* | 1988-1991 | 2005-2008 | P* | 1988-1991 | 2005-2008 | P* | 1988-1991 | 2005-2008 | P* | |
| N |
207 |
457 |
|
92 |
103 |
|
566 |
850 |
|
2337 |
2539 |
|
|
Unadjusted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women |
46.4 (5.8) |
37.2 (3.0) |
0.165 |
57.5 (8.7) |
34.4 (6.4) |
0.037 |
41.8 (2.8) |
24.9 (1.7) |
<0.001 |
33.3 (1.7) |
22.4 (1.1) |
<0.001 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women or medication use† |
47.9 (5.8) |
40.7 (3.0) |
0.275 |
57.5 (8.7) |
37.5 (6.5) |
0.071 |
43.4 (3.1) |
26.4 (1.6) |
<0.001 |
33.6 (1.6) |
23.0 (1.0) |
<0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dl |
86.1 (4.7) |
42.9 (2.6) |
<0.001 |
91.5 (3.3) |
70.3 (4.9) |
0.001 |
90.0 (1.4) |
75.0 (1.7) |
<0.001 |
74.4 (1.8) |
66.0 (1.2) |
<0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dl or medication use |
86.1 (4.7) |
79.1 (2.4) |
0.183 |
94.4 (2.4) |
87.0 (4.9) |
0.180 |
90.1 (1.4) |
88.4 (1.3) |
0.365 |
74.4 (1.8) |
70.6 (1.2) |
0.085 |
| Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl |
81.9 (5.5) |
43.6 (2.8) |
<0.001 |
91.7 (3.4) |
67.5 (5.4) |
<0.001 |
85.0 (1.5) |
67.9 (1.9) |
<0.001 |
65.2 (1.7) |
57.8 (0.8) |
<0.001 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl |
44.7 (7.0) |
43.9 (2.7) |
0.909 |
54.3 (5.8) |
43.0 (6.9) |
0.215 |
33.9 (1.9) |
33.2 (2.1) |
0.797 |
24.7 (2.3) |
24.7 (1.1) |
0.997 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or medication use† |
46.9 (6.9) |
47.8 (3.0) |
0.905 |
54.3 (5.8) |
44.1 (7.1) |
0.271 |
35.9 (1.9) |
34.6 (2.0) |
0.625 |
24.9 (2.3) |
25.1 (1.0) |
0.936 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or use of TG-lowering or cholesterol-lowering medications‡ |
47.6 (6.7) |
73.5 (2.9) |
0.001 |
54.3 (5.8) |
67.4 (5.9) |
0.121 |
36.9 (2.0) |
50.2 (2.1) |
<0.001 |
25.3 (2.4) |
30.3 (1.3) |
0.070 |
| Apolipoprotein B ≥80 mg/dl |
91.1 (3.6) |
72.8 (2.1) |
<0.001 |
95.8 (2.8) |
87.9 (4.2) |
0.123 |
92.8 (1.3) |
86.6 (1.4) |
0.002 |
81.7 (1.3) |
77.2 (1.0) |
0.007 |
| Lipid triad: definition 1§ |
31.4 (6.5) |
21.6 (2.8) |
0.172 |
35.7 (7.7) |
23.4 (5.2) |
0.190 |
20.7 (1.7) |
13.8 (1.2) |
0.002 |
13.1 (1.5) |
9.8 (0.7) |
0.050 |
| Lipid triad: definition 2ǁ |
33.3 (6.4) |
24.8 (2.7) |
0.228 |
35.7 (7.7) |
24.0 (5.3) |
0.212 |
23.3 (1.9) |
15.2 (1.1) |
0.001 |
13.5 (1.4) |
10.4 (0.7) |
0.056 |
| Lipid triad: definition 3¶ |
33.3 (6.4) |
26.6 (2.8) |
0.342 |
35.7 (7.7) |
25.4 (5.8) |
0.287 |
23.8 (2.1) |
16.1 (1.1) |
0.002 |
13.7 (1.5) |
10.9 (0.7) |
0.102 |
|
Age-adjusted |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women |
51.5 (6.8) |
41.5 (3.3) |
0.180 |
63.4 (9.5) |
38.7 (7.4) |
0.042 |
45.6 (3.0) |
27.2 (1.9) |
<0.001 |
32.4 (1.6) |
21.9 (1.0) |
<0.001 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women or medication use† |
52.1 (6.7) |
44.5 (3.3) |
0.293 |
62.2 (9.3) |
41.2 (7.3) |
0.078 |
46.6 (3.4) |
28.3 (1.8) |
<0.001 |
32.8 (1.6) |
22.5 (1.0) |
<0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dl |
80.9 (4.4) |
40.2 (2.4) |
<0.001 |
86.2 (3.3) |
65.5 (4.6) |
0.001 |
85.2 (1.4) |
71.1 (1.7) |
<0.001 |
75.8 (1.7) |
67.1 (1.2) |
<0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dl or medication use |
78.1 (4.2) |
71.4 (2.2) |
0.154 |
86.1 (2.7) |
78.1 (4.3) |
0.127 |
82.8 (1.3) |
81.4 (1.4) |
0.386 |
76.6 (1.7) |
72.5 (1.2) |
0.062 |
| Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl |
74.2 (5.1) |
39.3 (2.6) |
<0.001 |
83.6 (3.7) |
60.5 (4.8) |
<0.001 |
78.0 (1.6) |
62.5 (1.9) |
<0.001 |
67.1 (1.6) |
59.4 (0.8) |
<0.001 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl |
38.6 (6.1) |
37.7 (2.6) |
0.882 |
47.4 (4.7) |
36.6 (5.8) |
0.155 |
29.8 (2.0) |
29.3 (1.9) |
0.832 |
25.8 (2.4) |
25.7 (1.1) |
0.970 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or medication use† |
40.1 (5.9) |
40.6 (2.8) |
0.936 |
46.9 (4.7) |
37.2 (5.9) |
0.198 |
31.4 (1.8) |
30.3 (1.8) |
0.649 |
26.2 (2.3) |
26.3 (1.0) |
0.970 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or use of TG-lowering or cholesterol-lowering medications‡ |
38.1 (5.4) |
58.4 (2.7) |
0.001 |
44.2 (4.4) |
52.9 (4.5) |
0.160 |
30.3 (1.9) |
41.6 (1.8) |
<0.001 |
27.2 (2.4) |
32.3 (1.3) |
0.075 |
| Apolipoprotein B ≥80 mg/dl |
85.4 (3.2) |
68.1 (2.1) |
<0.001 |
90.2 (2.9) |
81.9 (4.0) |
0.096 |
87.8 (1.3) |
82.0 (1.4) |
0.001 |
83.3 (1.3) |
78.5 (0.9) |
0.005 |
| Lipid triad: definition 1§ |
30.0 (6.4) |
20.6 (2.8) |
0.174 |
34.3 (7.2) |
22.3 (5.1) |
0.179 |
20.0 (1.8) |
13.3 (1.1) |
0.002 |
13.3 (1.5) |
9.9 (0.7) |
0.048 |
| Lipid triad: definition 2ǁ |
30.9 (6.2) |
22.9 (2.6) |
0.226 |
33.3 (6.9) |
22.0 (4.9) |
0.194 |
21.8 (1.8) |
14.2 (1.1) |
<0.001 |
13.8 (1.4) |
10.6 (0.7) |
0.053 |
| Lipid triad: definition 3¶ |
30.5 (6.1) |
24.2 (2.7) |
0.336 |
32.9 (6.9) |
23.0 (5.3) |
0.262 |
22.0 (2.0) |
14.9 (1.1) |
0.002 |
14.0 (1.5) |
11.2 (0.7) |
0.098 |
|
Adjusted for age, gender, race or ethnicity, education, and body mass index |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women |
45.8 (5.7) |
34.8 (3.0) |
0.073 |
50.6 (10.4) |
31.0 (7.0) |
0.111 |
47.6 (2.9) |
25.6 (1.8) |
<0.001 |
34.0 (1.8) |
21.9 (1.1) |
<0.001 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dl in men, <50 mg/dl in women or medication use† |
46.7 (5.6) |
37.6 (3.1) |
0.131 |
50.3 (10.0) |
33.3 (7.1) |
0.157 |
48.6 (3.2) |
26.7 (1.7) |
<0.001 |
34.4 (1.7) |
22.5 (1.0) |
<0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dl |
79.8 (4.1) |
38.1 (2.3) |
<0.001 |
82.2 (3.1) |
60.3 (3.8) |
<0.001 |
85.6 (1.7) |
69.2 (1.9) |
<0.001 |
77.4 (1.8) |
67.0 (1.2) |
<0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dl or medication use |
77.6 (3.9) |
67.8 (2.2) |
0.024 |
82.8 (2.6) |
71.8 (4.0) |
0.018 |
83.6 (1.6) |
79.3 (1.6) |
0.018 |
78.1 (1.8) |
72.4 (1.2) |
0.012 |
| Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl |
72.1 (4.5) |
35.6 (2.4) |
<0.001 |
76.6 (4.0) |
51.9 (3.9) |
<0.001 |
79.2 (1.9) |
59.7 (2.0) |
<0.001 |
69.8 (1.6) |
59.3 (0.8) |
<0.001 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl |
36.9 (5.3) |
32.6 (2.4) |
0.444 |
41.5 (7.2) |
29.2 (6.0) |
0.183 |
31.8 (1.9) |
27.7 (1.9) |
0.090 |
27.6 (2.4) |
25.3 (1.0) |
0.376 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or medication use† |
38.4 (5.1) |
35.3 (2.6) |
0.558 |
41.3 (7.1) |
29.8 (6.1) |
0.209 |
33.4 (1.6) |
28.7 (1.7) |
0.025 |
28.0 (2.4) |
25.8 (0.9) |
0.399 |
| Triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl or use of TG-lowering or cholesterol-lowering medications‡ |
37.0 (4.9) |
51.2 (2.8) |
0.009 |
40.1 (5.7) |
42.9 (5.2) |
0.707 |
32.0 (1.8) |
39.4 (1.8) |
0.001 |
28.9 (2.5) |
32.0 (1.2) |
0.255 |
| Apolipoprotein B ≥80 mg/dl |
84.1 (3.1) |
64.5 (2.0) |
<0.001 |
85.8 (3.1) |
75.5 (3.4) |
0.017 |
88.2 (1.6) |
80.0 (1.5) |
<0.001 |
84.9 (1.2) |
78.5 (0.9) |
<0.001 |
| Lipid triad: definition 1§ |
27.6 (5.6) |
17.7 (2.5) |
0.099 |
28.4 (8.0) |
17.6 (5.0) |
0.240 |
21.7 (1.8) |
12.7 (1.1) |
<0.001 |
14.1 (1.5) |
9.8 (0.7) |
0.013 |
| Lipid triad: definition 2ǁ |
28.7 (5.5) |
19.7 (2.4) |
0.117 |
28.2 (7.6) |
17.5 (4.9) |
0.227 |
23.7 (1.8) |
13.6 (1.0) |
<0.001 |
14.7 (1.5) |
10.4 (0.7) |
0.012 |
| Lipid triad: definition 3 | 28.3 (5.4) | 20.8 (2.4) | 0.186 | 27.9 (7.3) | 18.1 (5.0) | 0.260 | 23.7 (1.9) | 14.1 (1.0) | <0.001 | 14.9 (1.5) | 11.1 (0.7) | 0.028 |
*P-values for difference of predicted marginal from log-linear regressions.
†Use of fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, and niacin.
‡Use of cholesterol-lowering medications as well as fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, and niacin.
§Definition 1 was based on measured values of concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B.
ǁ Definition 2: use of fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, and niacin was counted as having elevated concentrations of triglycerides and decreased concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
¶Definition 3: use of cholesterol-lowering medications, fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, and niacin was counted as having elevated concentrations of triglycerides and use of fenofibrate, gemfibrozil, and niacin was counted as having decreased concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.