Figure 5.

Stages during reproduction at which sexual selection can act. Arrows indicate synergistic (plus symbols) and antagonistic (minus symbols) selection. Opposing selection between male competition and female choice can generate sexual conflict, the resolution of which depends largely on the relative power of each sex to exert their interests over the other, and the value to each sex of winning (see also [206]). The net strength of selection acting on males or females will depend on the interactions between male and female processes within episodes of selection, and on the interactions across episodes of selection.