Table 3.
Bivariate Results for All-Cause Hospitalization
| Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic factors | ||
| Age group, years | ||
| 65–74 | Reference Group | |
| 75–84 | 1.05 (0.86 – 1.28) | 0.666 |
| >= 85 | 1.33 (1.04 – 1.71) | 0.022 |
| Female sex | 0.98 (0.83 – 1.14) | 0.765 |
| Non-white race | 1.09 (0.86 – 1.39) | 0.475 |
| Education < 12th grade | 1.18 (1.00 – 1.40) | 0.048 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | ||
| <18 | 1.17 (0.76 – 1.81) | 0.470 |
| 18–25 | Reference Group | |
| 25–30 | 0.93 (0.78 – 1.10) | 0.393 |
| 30+ | 1.05 (0.83 – 1.34) | 0.675 |
| Heart failure Status | ||
| Ejection fraction < 45% | 1.32 (1.07 – 1.62) | 0.010 |
| NYHA III/IV | 1.37 (1.14 – 1.65) | <0.001 |
| Not taking ACE-inhibitor | 1.05 (0.87 – 1.27) | 0.616 |
| Not taking Beta-blocker | 1.23 (0.98 – 1.55) | 0.076 |
| Medical history | ||
| Coronary artery disease | 1.09 (0.92 – 1.29) | 0.317 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.31 (1.11 – 1.55) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.42 (1.17 – 1.74) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 1.27 (1.03 – 1.56) | 0.024 |
| COPD | 1.16 (0.94 – 1.44) | 0.164 |
| Anemia | 1.16 (0.92 – 1.45) | 0.210 |
| Geriatric conditions | ||
| Weak grip strength | 1.21 (1.02 – 1.44) | 0.030 |
| Slow gait speed | 1.49 (1.24 – 1.80) | <0.001 |
| Cognitive impairment | 1.33 (1.14 – 1.56) | <0.001 |
| Depression | 1.33 (1.13 – 1.56) | <0.001 |