Table 3.

Outcomes according to study definition of rate control at 3 months

Rate control subgroups	Placebo, n (%)	Bucindolol, n (%)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	Log-rank P-value
All-cause mortality
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular rate control	34/74 (46%)	30/92 (33%)	0.62 (0.36–1.06)	0.077
Not rate controlled	23/76 (30%)	11/46 (24%)	1.13 (0.51–2.49)	0.761
Sinus rhythm
Heart rate control	155/555 (28%)	178/756 (24%)	0.85 (0.68–1.05)	0.135
Not rate controlled	138/467 (30%)	83/256 (32%)	0.97 (0.74–1.28)	0.839
All-cause mortality/heart failure hospitalization
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular rate control	47/74 (64%)	47/92 (51%)	0.72 (0.46–1.10)	0.129
Not rate controlled	49/76 (64%)	24/46 (52%)	0.92 (0.53–1.58)	0.750
Sinus rhythm
Heart rate control	285/555 (51%)	322/756 (43%)	0.78 (0.66–0.91)	0.002
Not rate controlled	252/467 (54%)	135/256 (53%)	0.90 (0.72–1.11)	0.323
Cardiovascular mortality/cardiovascular hospitalization
Atrial fibrillation
Ventricular rate control	49/74 (66%)	47/92 (51%)	0.61 (0.40–0.95)	0.025
Not rate controlled	50/76 (66%)	26/46 (57%)	1.06 (0.62–1.80)	0.833
Sinus rhythm
Heart rate control	318/555 (57%)	358/756 (47%)	0.79 (0.67–0.92)	0.002
Not rate controlled	271/467 (58%)	163/256 (64%)	1.09 (0.89–1.33)	0.408
Total hospital days (mean ± SE)
Atrial fibrillation
Rate control	22 ± 5.9, n = 74	17 ± 3.5, n = 92	Δ = –5.2	0.127
Not rate controlled	17 ± 2.2, n = 76	16 ± 3.7, n = 46	Δ = –0.9	0.132
Sinus rhythm
Heart rate control	14 ± 1.2, n = 555	11 ± 0.7, n = 756	Δ = –3.7	0.021
Not rate controlled	16 ± 1.2, n = 467	18 ± 1.7, n = 256	Δ = 1.2	0.508
Norepinephrine change, 3 months (mean ± SE)
Atrial fibrillation
Rate control	87 ± 7.7, n = 54	–22 ± 4.3, n = 65	Δ = –108.5	0.029
Not rate controlled	–37 ± 6.2, n = 54	–50 ± 27, n = 31	Δ = –12.8	0.800
Sinus rhythm
Heart rate control	23 ± 14.1, n = 373	–67 ± 0.5, n = 519	Δ = –89.3	<0.0001
Not rate controlled	28 ± 17.4, n = 304	–128 ± 2.6, n = 155	Δ = –155.5	<0.0001