Figure 1.

Sensitivity analysis for assessing the impact of deviating from the exclusion restriction on an estimate of efficacy among drug compliers, exp(β₂). Delta (δ) is the sensitivity parameter that indexes the degree of the deviation, with δ = 0 indicating the exclusion restriction. The upper panel shows the estimated treatment odds ratio among participants who have a detectable level of drug concentration in the Preexposure Prophylaxis Initiative (iPrEx) trial (1), and the lower panel shows the estimated treatment odds ratio among women who have a high drug concentration in the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004 trial (2, 5). Bars, 95% confidence interval. AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.