Table 3.
Beta estimates and 95% confidence intervals from linear mixed models* of change in modified mini-mental state (3MS) examination scores over an 8-year period associated with Tea and Coffee consumption at baseline, by gender
| Women |
Men |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sectionf | Standard 3MS | IRT 3MS‡ | Standard 3MS | IRT 3MS‡ | |
| I | Tea§ | ||||
| <5 x/yr | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | |
| 5–10 x/yr | −0.26 [−1.30, 0.78] | −0.32 [−1.80, 1.17] | 0.56 [−0.68, 1.80] | 0.71 [−0.98, 2.40] | |
| 1–3 x/mo | 1.04 [0.15, 1.92] | 1.65 [0.45, 3.00] | 0.87 [−0.20, 1.95] | 1.14 [−0.32, 2.55] | |
| 1–4 x/wk | 0.51 [−0.32, 1.33] | 0.66 [−0.53, 1.80] | 0.31 [−0.72, 1.34] | 0.84 [−0.56, 2.25] | |
| ≥ 5x/wk | 0.62 [−0.18, 1.41] | 0.81 [−0.33, 1.95] | 0.34 [−0.68, 1.37] | 0.01 [−1.38, 1.41] | |
| p-value | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.61 | 0.45 | |
| II | Coffee§ | ||||
| <5 x/yr | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | |
| 5–10 x/yr | 0.67 [−0.51, 1.85] | 0.69 [−1.01, 2.40] | −0.34 [−1.81, 1.12] | 0.20 [−1.80, 2.25] | |
| 1–3 x/mo | 0.19 [−0.95, 1.34] | 1.01 [−0.63, 2.70] | 0.39 [−1.07, 1.84] | 0.86 [−1.13, 2.85] | |
| 1–4 x/wk | 0.32 [−0.77, 1.41] | 0.17 [−1.40, 1.65] | −0.96 [−2.21,0.29] | −0.50 [−2.25, 1.19] | |
| ≥5 x/wk | 0.72 [0.10, 1.35] | 0.99 [0.11, 1.95] | 0.63 [−0.22, 1.48] | 0.95 [−0.21, 2.10] | |
| p-value | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.08 | 0.32 | |
| III | Annual change in tea & coffee drinkers of <5 x/yr |
−1.30 [−1.53, −1.07] p < 0.001 |
−0.87 [−1.07, −0.68] p < 0.001 |
−1.11 [−1.38, −0.84] p < 0.001 |
−0.47 [−0.69, −0.24] p < 0.001 |
| IV | Tea × Time† | ||||
| 5–10 x/yr | 0.23 [−0.14,0.60] | 0.20 [−0.13, 0.51] | 0.25 [−0.15,0.64] | 0.18 [−0.15, 0.51] | |
| 1–3 x/mo | 0.44 [0.13,0.75] | 0.27 [0.00, 0.54] | 0.30 [−0.04, 0.65] | 0.13 [−0.17, 0.42] | |
| 1–4 x/wk | 0.53 [0.24, 0.82] | 0.38 [0.12, 0.62] | 0.40 [0.07, 0.73] | 0.20 [−0.08, 0.48] | |
| ≥5 x/wk | 0.29 [0.01,0.57] | 0.21 [−0.03, 0.45] | 0.38 [0.04, 0.71] | 0.10 [−0.18, 0.38] | |
| p-value | 0.007 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.67 | |
| V | Coffee × Time† | ||||
| 5–10 x/yr | 0.37 [−0.05, 0.78] | 0.44 [0.07, 0.80] | −0.13 [−0.61,0.34] | 0.01 [−0.39, 0.42] | |
| 1–3 x/mo | 0.53 [0.12, 0.93] | 0.54 [0.20, 0.89] | −0.09 [−0.56, 0.38] | 0.01 [−0.39, 0.39] | |
| 1–4 x/wk | 0.15 [−0.23,0.54] | 0.14 [−0.20, 0.48] | −0.02 [−0.42, 0.38] | 0.01 [−0.33, 0.35] | |
| ≥5 x/wk | 0.31 [0.10, 0.53] | 0.32 [0.13, 0.51] | 0.14 [−0.13,0.40] | 0.03 [−0.20, 0.26] | |
| p-value | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.63 | 0.99 | |
All four models are adjusted for age, race, educational attainment, field center, history of stroke, history of CHD, diabetes, hypertension, current smoking, depression score, and APOEε4. Each numerical column refers to a different model.
Coefficients estimate the difference in annual change in cognitive scores compared to the reference group.
IRT 3MS are the item response theory 3MS scores.
Coefficients estimate the average difference in baseline cognitive scores compared to the reference group.
Sections are noted to aid within model interpretations of these estimates in relation to beverage, model estimated baseline and adjusted mean values of cognitive decline (see full description in results section).