Table 4.
Beta estimates and 95% confidence intervals from linear mixed model* of change in Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination scores over an 8-year period associated with total caffeine consumption from Tea and Coffee at baseline, by gender
| Women |
Men |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard 3MS | IRT 3MS | Standard 3MS | IRT 3MS | |
| Quintile 1‡ | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) | 0 (Ref.) |
| Quintile 2‡ | 0.68 [−0.11, 1.47] | 1.10 [−0.03, 2.25] | −0.05 [−1.13, 1.03] | 0.15 [−1.31, 1.65] |
| Quintile 3‡ | 0.78 [−0.09, 1.65] | 1.04 [−0.21,2.25] | −0.11 [−1.17,0.95] | 0.07 [−1.37, 1.50] |
| Quintile 4‡ | 1.22 [0.27, 2.16] | 1.80 [0.39, 3.15] | 1.13 [−0.04,2.31] | 1.65 [0.08, 3.30] |
| Quintile 5‡ | 1.01 [0.17, 1.85] | 1.41 [0.21, 2.55] | 0.74 [−0.39, 1.87] | 1.02 [−0.51, 2.55] |
| p-value | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.16 |
| Annual change in Quintile 1 (Ref.) | −1.21 [−1.43,−1.00] p < 0.001 |
− 0.80 [−0.99,−0.62] p < 0.001 |
−1.14 [−1.39,−0.88] p < 0.001 |
−0.51 [−0.72,−0.30] p < 0.001 |
| Quintile 2 × Time† | 0.55 [0.27, 0.83] | 0.45 [0.20, 0.69] | 0.40 [0.06, 0.75] | 0.24 [−0.06, 0.53] |
| Quintile 3 × Time† | 0.42 [0.11, 0.73] | 0.38 [0.11, 0.65] | 0.23 [−0.12, 0.57] | 0.12 [−0.17, 0.41] |
| Quintile 4 × Time† | 0.64 [0.30, 0.97] | 0.53 [0.23, 0.81] | 0.50 [0.13,0.88] | 0.32 [0.01, 0.63] |
| Quintile 5 × Time† | 0.53 [0.24, 0.83] | 0.48 [0.23, 0.74] | 0.55 [0.19,0.91] | 0.17 [−0.14, 0.47] |
| p-value | 0.0003 | 0.0006 | 0.02 | 0.31 |
Models are adjusted for age, race, educational attainment, field center, history oi stroke, history oi cnu, diaDetes, hypertension, current smoking, depression score, and APOEε4.
Coefficients estimate the difference in annual change in cognitive scores compared to the reference group.
Categories of caffeine consumption (mg/wk) are as follows: Quintile 1: <16.2; Quintile 2:16.3–150.1; Quintile 3:150.2–425.1; Quintile 4:425.1–438.9; Quintile 5: ≥438.9. Joint quintiles for both genders were applied. The distributions of these cutoffs by gender resulted in the following gender specific distributions: Quintile 1:20.8% women, 20.5% men; Quintile 2:26.2% women, 22.1% men; Quintile 3:18.5% women, 23.1% men; Quintile 4:14.1% women, 15.5% men; Quintile 5:20.4% women, 18.8% men.