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Effects of astragalus extract on the expression of TGF-β1 protein in the four groups of mouse lung tissue. Expression of TGF-β1 in lung tissue was determined by immunohistochemical staining. Positive staining is depicted in brown. Positive staining showed TGF-β1 expression in the epithelium, macrophage leukocytes and in smooth muscle. (A) Control group; (B) asthmatic group; (C) astragalus extract-treated group; (D) budesonide-treated group.
