TABLE 2.

Key competencies for scientific thinking and laboratory skills.

Scientific Thinking
Ability to apply the process of science	Demonstrate an ability to formulate hypotheses and design experiments based on the scientific method. Analyze and interpret results from a variety of microbiological methods and apply these methods to analogous situations.
Ability to use quantitative reasoning	Use mathematical reasoning and graphing skills to solve problems in microbiology.
Ability to communicate and collaborate with other disciplines	Effectively communicate fundamental concepts of microbiology in written and oral format. Identify credible scientific sources and interpret and evaluate the information therein.
Ability to understand the relationship between science and society	Identify and discuss ethical issues in microbiology.
Laboratory Skills
	Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).
	Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
	Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular, and serological).
	Estimate the number of microorganisms in a sample (using, for example, direct count, viable plate count, and spectrophotometric methods).
	Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
	Practice safe microbiology, using appropriate protective and emergency procedures.
	Document and report on experimental protocols, results and conclusions.