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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Mar 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2012 Sep 13;489(7415):220–230. doi: 10.1038/nature11550

Fig. 4. Functional redundancy.

Fig. 4

Microbial ecosystems exhibit a high degree of functional redundancy in microbial ecosystems may mirror that in macroecosystems. The HMP dataset illustrates this principle: oral communities (a) and fecal communities (b) show tremendous diversity in species abundance, yet remarkable similarities to one another in functional profiles obtained by shotgun metagenomics from the same samples (c) and (d) respectively.