Table 5.

Defining characteristics of academic health centers (AHCs) that have successfully integrated computational science, biomedical informatics, and information technology mission areas and leadership models in order to advance research and healthcare delivery

Exemplary case	Axis 1: leadership model	Axis 2: funding model	Axis 3: research to production translation	Axis 4: training program(s)	Axis 5: biomedical informatics home”
Case 1:Mid-sized Public University	Coordinated1	Academic and Health System Support	Comprehensive3	Professional5 and Research6 Oriented	Academic Department
Case 2:Large Public University	Integrated2	Academic and Health System Support	Minimal4	Research6 Oriented	Center
Case 3:Large Private University	Integrated2	Academic and Health System Support	Comprehensive3	Professional5 and Research6 Oriented	Academic Department

¹ Biomedical Informatics leaders advise IT leaders concerning AHC IT strategy and services.

² Biomedical Informatics and IT leaders jointly oversee AHC IT strategy and services.

³ Widespread deployments of production technologies (i.e., EHR platforms) derived from BMI-driven research and development programs.

⁴ Limited and/or small-scale deployments of production technologies (i.e., research-specific data management systems) derived from BMI-driven research and development programs.

⁵ Terminal masters and certificate programs, usually focusing on the application of informatics theories and methods.

⁶ Terminal masters and doctoral programs, as well as post-doctoral fellowships, usually focusing on the discovery and validation of novel informatics theories and methods.

These cases have been rendered anonymous in order to reduce potential sources of bias. For the purposes of this table: 1) “IT Leadership Model” refers to the type of relationship between CS/IS/IT leaders and BMI leaders at the organization relative to operational decision making; 2) “Funding Model” refers to the sources of funding used to support research-specific CS/IT/IT and BMI resources; 3) “Research to Production Translation” refers to the degree to which software products generated during the course of CS/IS and/or BMI research are translated into production platforms/tools; 4) “Training Program(s)” refers to the types of BMI training available at the institution; and 5) “Biomedical Informatics Home” indicates what type of organizational unit houses BMI at the given institution.