Table 2. GSA identifies increasing enrichment of IL-17 gene-sets in human renal allograft acute rejection across independent Patient Data-Sets.

	Analysis	Gene-Sets	p-value	FDR
Discovery Data-Set (n = 66)
	AR vs. STA	IL17-Pathway	0.007	0.3
		Th17 gene set	0	0.2
	D0> STA> BL>ARIA> ARIB	IL17-Pathway	0.011	0.3076
Verification Data-Set (n = 35)
	AR vs. STA	IL17-Pathway	0.011	0.33
		Th17 gene set	0.026	0.39
	STA> BL>AR	IL17-Pathway	0.008	0.5

There were total 140 gene-sets significantly enriched in AR in both Data-Sets (FDR = 0.5), the IL-17 pathway and Th17 gene-sets are listed above. Other significant gene-sets that reached the threshold of FDR = 0.5 included gene-sets associated with innate immune cells (Dendritic Cell, Natural Killer Cell, Granulocyte, Monocyte), and innate immune responses (CTLA4 pathway, Toll-like receptor pathway, NFKB targets, PD1 signaling), with Cytokine Signaling (IL-10, IL-2, IL-5, IL-22BP, IL-12) as well as with gene-sets related to Th-differentiation and activation (CD40 signaling, Costimulation, Th1/Th2, Th-Differentiation). Th1 (FDR = 0.3, p = 0.007) and IL-12 (FDR = 0.3, p = 0.011) had higher FDR and p-values compared to the Th17 and IL-17 gene-sets in our data-set and similar values compared to GSE 9493. Other gene-sets were Graft versus Host Disease, Autoimmune Thyroiditis, and Antigen processing.