Table 1.
Characteristics of the combined cohort of African Americans with type 2 diabetes
| Variable | CAC < 10 | CAC ≥ 10 | All | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Median | Mean | SD | Median | Mean | SD | Median | ||
| Age (years) | 55.4 | 9.9 | 55 | 61.9 | 9.5 | 62.0 | 58.8 | 10.2 | 59.0 | <0.0001 |
| African Ancestry proportion | 0.81 | 0.116 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.114 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.115 | 0.83 | 0.002 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 8.7 | 7.0 | 7 | 12.0 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 10.4 | 8.5 | 8.0 | <0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 7.9 | 2.1 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 1.9 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 2.0 | 7.5 | 0.32 |
| High sensitivity C-reactive protein (mg/dl) | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 0.65 |
| Glucose, fasting (mg/dl) | 152.7 | 60.6 | 140.0 | 152.7 | 63.5 | 137.0 | 152.6 | 62.7 | 138.0 | 0.79 |
| LDL -cholesterol (mg/dl) | 109.6 | 35.2 | 107 | 109.5 | 36.1 | 107 | 109.8 | 35.7 | 107.0 | 0.92 |
| HDL -cholesterol (mg/dl) | 48.6 | 13.3 | 46.0 | 47.6 | 13.5 | 45 | 48.1 | 13.4 | 46.0 | 0.21 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 127.4 | 103.5 | 105.5 | 130.2 | 130.7 | 102.0 | 128.9 | 117.8 | 104.0 | 0.52 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.6 | 8.0 | 33.3 | 33.3 | 7.5 | 31.8 | 33.9 | 7.8 | 32.6 | 0.009 |
| CAC (original scale) | 0.7 | 1.9 | 0 | 519.2 | 786.7 | 204.3 | 276.0 | 628.7 | 16.5 | NA |
| CAC (log10 scale ) | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | |
| ACE inhibitor use (%) | 37.1% | 45.9% | 41.4% | 0.005 | ||||||
| Current smoker (%) | 21.2% | 24.9% | 23.7% | 0.005 | ||||||
| Past Smoker (%) | 31.0% | 40.4% | 35.6% | |||||||
| Hypertension (%) | 77.6% | 86.4% | 82.3% | 3.7×10−4 | ||||||
| Lipid-lowering medications (%) | 38.0% | 51.2% | 44.8% | 4.8×10−5 | ||||||
| Female (%) | 62.0% | 47.6% | 53.1% | 4.3×10−6 | ||||||
ACE – angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; BMI - body mass index; LDL - low density lipoprotein; HDL - high density lipoprotein; CAC – coronary artery calcified plaque; SD – standard deviation.
P-values were computed using the Chi-square tests for categorical outcomes and the Wilcoxon two-sample test for continuous outcomes.