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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2012 Nov 8;121:31–38. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2012.10.003

Table 2.

Differences in mean blood oxidative stress biomarker concentrations (95% confidence intervals), for PAH exposure categories, among all participants (n=1,810)

PAH exposure categories Glutathione (mg/dl packed red blood cells) Glutathione peroxidase (IU/liter) Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (%) TBARS (nmol/ml)
2nd vs. 1st quartile −0.43 (−2.45, 1.58) 8.51 (−3.76, 20.77) 0.09 (−0.63, 0.81) 0.02 (−0.04, 0.07)
3rd vs. 1st quartile −2.12 (−4.15, −0.09) 12.49 (0.18, 24.81) −0.65 (−1.38, 0.07) −0.01 (−0.06, 0.04)
4th vs. 1st quartile −3.31 (−5.36, −1.26) 16.69 (4.23, 29.15) −0.60 (−1.34, 0.13) 0.03 (−0.03, 0.08)

Abbreviations: PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; TBARS, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances

Adjusted for age, education, body mass index, menopausal status, smoking status, secondhand smoke exposure, season, dietary vitamin C intake, and dietary vitamin E intake.