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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Immunol. 2013 Jan 23;190(5):2263–2272. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202703

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

TRAM decoy peptides derived from BB loop and third helical region, TM4 and TM6, inhibit LPS-induced cytokine mRNA and activation of MAPKs and STAT1. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were pre-incubated with 5 or 20 μM (A, B) of control or decoy peptides for 30 min prior to stimulation with LPS (100 ng/ml). Cells were lysed 1 (panel A) or 5 h (panel B) after LPS challenge. Cytokine mRNA expression is normalized to the expression of the housekeeping gene, Hprt. Data represent the means ± s.e.m. of 4 independent experiments. Asterisks indicate data statistically different from the control group (p < 0.001). Cell lysates for immunoblotting was obtained 30 min (C) or 2 h (D) after LPS stimulation. GAPDH was used as a loading control. Panels C and D show a representative blot of 4 separate experiments.