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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2012 Dec 17;80:76–84. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.11.030

Characteristics of the study sample and relationship with outcome (n = 729)

Low levels of walking for travel
/ errands
Low levels of walking for
leisure
Low levels of walking for
travel/ errands and leisure
N % of sample % who report p-value a % who report p-value a % who report p-value a




Gender
      Female 582 80 23 ref 35 ref 17 ref
      Male 147 20 19 0.16 33 0.45 16 0.62
Age
      18–29 yrs 134 18 16 ref 31 ref 11 ref
      30–39 yrs 202 28 23 30 15
      40–49 yrs 151 21 26 0.19 40 0.06 23 0.15
      50–59 yrs 121 17 17 34 15
      60+ yrs 121 17 26 41 20
Income
      $0 – $100 weekly 72 10 22 ref 35 ref 19 ref
      $101 – $250 weekly 222 30 19 31 14
      $251 – $500 weekly 243 33 21 0.56 37 0.75 15 0.54
      $501 – $750 weekly 99 14 25 37 17
      >$750 weekly 93 13 27 37 23
Employment status
      Yes 374 51 25 ref 37 ref 20 ref
      No 355 49 19 0.05 32 0.16 14 0.06
Race
      Hispanic 312 43 21 ref 34 ref 16 ref
      NHW 89 12 15 30 9
      NHB 260 36 27 0.18 39 0.19 22 0.11
      Other 68 9 16 28 9
Country of origin
      USA 239 33 15 ref 30 ref 11 ref
      Puerto Rico 83 11 28 35 20
      Haiti 158 22 31 0.03 44 0.21 28 0.03
      Latin America 164 23 20 35 14
      Other 85 12 22 31 12
Car ownership
      Yes 379 52 30 ref 39 ref 23 ref
      No 350 48 13 <.0001 31 0.02 10 <.0001
Self-rated health
      Excellent/Good 472 65 18 ref 32 ref 13 ref
      Fair/Poor 257 35 30 <.0001 40 0.01 23 0.0001
Town
      Cambridge 391 54 23 ref 36 ref 17 ref
      Chelsea 234 32 20 0.78 33 0.98 16 0.93
      Somerville 104 14 22 35 16
Perceived social capital
      Low 531 73 24 ref 36 ref 19 ref
      High 198 27 15 0.001 31 0.09 11 0.0002
Perceived safety
      Low 432 59 25 ref 38 ref 19 ref
      High 297 41 17 0.01 31 0.002 13 0.01
Physical disorder
      High 549 75 22 ref 35 ref 17 ref
      Low 180 25 21 0.70 34 0.83 16 0.58
Social disorder
      High 555 76 23 ref 33 ref 17 ref
      Low 174 24 18 0.08 41 0.04 15 0.29
Mean Std Dev βb p-valuea βb p-valuea βb p-valuea




Community social capital 26.79 9.11 0.03 0.67 0.09 0.13 0.15 0.04
Community safety 40.76 14.75 0.02 0.70 0.04 0.42 0.04 0.54
Community SES 26.53 13.99 0.07 0.22 0.06 0.46 0.04 0.65
a

p-values adjusted for site

b

β for a 1 standard deviation difference in relation to walking behavior