Characteristics of the study sample and relationship with outcome (n = 729)
Low levels of walking for travel / errands |
Low levels of walking for leisure |
Low levels of walking for travel/ errands and leisure |
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N | % of sample | % who report | p-value a | % who report | p-value a | % who report | p-value a | |
Gender | ||||||||
Female | 582 | 80 | 23 | ref | 35 | ref | 17 | ref |
Male | 147 | 20 | 19 | 0.16 | 33 | 0.45 | 16 | 0.62 |
Age | ||||||||
18–29 yrs | 134 | 18 | 16 | ref | 31 | ref | 11 | ref |
30–39 yrs | 202 | 28 | 23 | 30 | 15 | |||
40–49 yrs | 151 | 21 | 26 | 0.19 | 40 | 0.06 | 23 | 0.15 |
50–59 yrs | 121 | 17 | 17 | 34 | 15 | |||
60+ yrs | 121 | 17 | 26 | 41 | 20 | |||
Income | ||||||||
$0 – $100 weekly | 72 | 10 | 22 | ref | 35 | ref | 19 | ref |
$101 – $250 weekly | 222 | 30 | 19 | 31 | 14 | |||
$251 – $500 weekly | 243 | 33 | 21 | 0.56 | 37 | 0.75 | 15 | 0.54 |
$501 – $750 weekly | 99 | 14 | 25 | 37 | 17 | |||
>$750 weekly | 93 | 13 | 27 | 37 | 23 | |||
Employment status | ||||||||
Yes | 374 | 51 | 25 | ref | 37 | ref | 20 | ref |
No | 355 | 49 | 19 | 0.05 | 32 | 0.16 | 14 | 0.06 |
Race | ||||||||
Hispanic | 312 | 43 | 21 | ref | 34 | ref | 16 | ref |
NHW | 89 | 12 | 15 | 30 | 9 | |||
NHB | 260 | 36 | 27 | 0.18 | 39 | 0.19 | 22 | 0.11 |
Other | 68 | 9 | 16 | 28 | 9 | |||
Country of origin | ||||||||
USA | 239 | 33 | 15 | ref | 30 | ref | 11 | ref |
Puerto Rico | 83 | 11 | 28 | 35 | 20 | |||
Haiti | 158 | 22 | 31 | 0.03 | 44 | 0.21 | 28 | 0.03 |
Latin America | 164 | 23 | 20 | 35 | 14 | |||
Other | 85 | 12 | 22 | 31 | 12 | |||
Car ownership | ||||||||
Yes | 379 | 52 | 30 | ref | 39 | ref | 23 | ref |
No | 350 | 48 | 13 | <.0001 | 31 | 0.02 | 10 | <.0001 |
Self-rated health | ||||||||
Excellent/Good | 472 | 65 | 18 | ref | 32 | ref | 13 | ref |
Fair/Poor | 257 | 35 | 30 | <.0001 | 40 | 0.01 | 23 | 0.0001 |
Town | ||||||||
Cambridge | 391 | 54 | 23 | ref | 36 | ref | 17 | ref |
Chelsea | 234 | 32 | 20 | 0.78 | 33 | 0.98 | 16 | 0.93 |
Somerville | 104 | 14 | 22 | 35 | 16 | |||
Perceived social capital | ||||||||
Low | 531 | 73 | 24 | ref | 36 | ref | 19 | ref |
High | 198 | 27 | 15 | 0.001 | 31 | 0.09 | 11 | 0.0002 |
Perceived safety | ||||||||
Low | 432 | 59 | 25 | ref | 38 | ref | 19 | ref |
High | 297 | 41 | 17 | 0.01 | 31 | 0.002 | 13 | 0.01 |
Physical disorder | ||||||||
High | 549 | 75 | 22 | ref | 35 | ref | 17 | ref |
Low | 180 | 25 | 21 | 0.70 | 34 | 0.83 | 16 | 0.58 |
Social disorder | ||||||||
High | 555 | 76 | 23 | ref | 33 | ref | 17 | ref |
Low | 174 | 24 | 18 | 0.08 | 41 | 0.04 | 15 | 0.29 |
Mean | Std Dev | βb | p-valuea | βb | p-valuea | βb | p-valuea | |
Community social capital | 26.79 | 9.11 | 0.03 | 0.67 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.04 |
Community safety | 40.76 | 14.75 | 0.02 | 0.70 | 0.04 | 0.42 | 0.04 | 0.54 |
Community SES | 26.53 | 13.99 | 0.07 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.46 | 0.04 | 0.65 |
p-values adjusted for site
β for a 1 standard deviation difference in relation to walking behavior