Table 1.
Means (and Standard Deviations) or Proportions, New Jersey End of Life Study, N = 293
| Total sample | Two-pronged ACPa | Discussions onlyb | No ACPc | F-statistic (df = 2) | Significant subgroup differences | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family relationship characteristics | ||||||
| General family functioning | 3.18 (0.47) | 3.21 (0.46) | 3.26 (0.42) | 3.06 (0.52) | 3.69* | bc |
| Emotional support from spoused | 3.67 (0.57) | 3.63 (0.59) | 3.82 (0.32) | 3.62 (0.66) | 1.61 | |
| Criticism from spoused | 2.63 (0.88) | 2.68 (0.83) | 2.75 (0.81) | 2.43 (1.01) | 1.58 | |
| Emotional support from childrene | 3.59 (0.61) | 3.58 (0.51) | 3.67 (0.62) | 3.54 (0.73) | 0.79 | |
| Criticism from childrene | 2.10 (0.93) | 2.21 (0.92) | 2.14 (0.89) | 1.87 (0.96) | 3.15* | ac |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Women | 0.64 | 0.57 | 0.72 | 0.69 | 2.81* | ab, ac |
| Ethnic/racial minority | 0.45 | 0.22 | 0.55 | 0.77 | 43.37*** | ab, ac, bc |
| Age (years) | 69.13 (8.72) | 70.71 (8.58) | 68.53 (8.88) | 66.94 (8.40) | 5.24** | ac |
| Education (years) | 13.93 (4.59) | 15.42 (3.97) | 13.42 (3.59) | 11.82 (5.36) | 18.49*** | ac, bc |
| Years marrieda | 35.28 (16.88) | 36.85 (17.25) | 35.97 (16.25) | 31.25 (16.37) | 1.56 | |
| Currently married | 0.52 | 0.59 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 2.35 | |
| Number of children | 3.24 (2.37) | 2.89 (2.49) | 3.48 (2.16) | 3.63 (2.25) | 2.94 | |
| Health characteristics | ||||||
| Self-rated health, fair/poor | 0.46 | 0.41 | 0.43 | 0.57 | 2.67 | |
| Health limits activity (1 = yes) | 0.66 | 0.67 | 0.68 | 0.63 | 0.33 | |
| Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (range: 0–7) | 1.17 (1.23) | 1.11 (1.11) | 1.08 (1.12) | 1.38 (1.47) | 1.62 (0.20) | |
| N | 293 | 141 | 69 | 83 | ||
| % | 100.0 | 48.1 | 23.5 | 28.3 | ||
Notes. Range of responses for all family relationship scales is 1 to 4, where 4 represents higher levels of an attribute. Types of ACP: a = two-pronged, b = discussions only, c = no ACP. Post hoc comparisons were conducted using ANOVA; significant subgroup differences (p < .05) are denoted as ab = two-pronged ACP versus discussions only; ac = two-pronged ACP versus no ACP; and bc = discussions only vs. no ACP.
dCalculated for 146 currently married persons only.
eCalculated for 244 parents of living children only.
Asterisks denote significance level of F-statistic, where *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.