Table 3.

Cox proportional hazard ratio estimates for the effect of sarcopenia on 3-year mortality after adjustment for other covariates

	Univariate		Multivariate
	Hazard ratio (95 % CI)	P value	Hazard ratio (95 % CI)	P value
Sarcopenia	1.68 (1.34–2.11)	<0.001	1.63 (1.28–2.07)	<0.001
Age at surgery (years)	1.01 (1.00–1.02)	0.02	1.01 (1.00–1,03)	0.01
Weight (kg)	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	0.55	–	–
Male gender	1.16 (0.94–1.43)	0.16	–	–
Tumor size (cm)	1.13 (1.07–1.19)	<0.001	1.13 (1.06–1.20)	<0.001
Poorly differentiated tumor	1.75 (1.40–2.12)	<0.001	1,76 (1.42–2.17)	<0.001
Nodal metastasis	2.06 (1.55–2.74)	<0.001	1.73 (1.29–2.32)	<0.001
Vascular infiltration	1.57 (1.27–1.93)	<0.001	1.25 (1.05–1.55)	<0.001
Positive margins	1.66 (1.33–2.06)	<0.001	1.46 (1.17–1.82)	<0.001
Pancreatoduodenectomy  (vs. distal pancreatectomy)	1.07 (0.78–1.45)	0.68	–	–
Clavien–Dindo grade ≥3  complications	1.70 (1.32–2.19)	<0.001	1.88 (1.44–2.44)	<0.001
Race (reference: White)
African American	1.02 (0.70–1.47)	0.93	–	–
Other race	0.58 (0.35–0.95)	0.03	0.66 (0.40–1.09)	0.11