Table 1.
Characteristics of patients selected for the study
Patient and classification | Sex | Age (years) | Years since first unprovoked seizure | AEDs at surgery | MRI findings | Pathology |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-MTLE | ||||||
1 | M | 23 | 11 | cbz, phe | Mass in L medial temporal lobe | Anaplastic astrocytoma with oligodendroglial differentiation |
2 | F | 33 | 14 | cbz, pri | Mass in L anterior temporal lobe | Low grade astrocytoma |
3 | M | 22 | 17 | cbz, czp, vpa | Mass in L temporal lobe | Cellular astrocytoma |
4 | F | 7 | 6 | cbz, vpa | -- | Ganglioglioma |
5 | F | 30 | 25 | pri | Enlarged L hippocampus with possible tumor in L temporal lobe | Low grade astrocytoma |
6 | F | 25 | 14 | clo, pht | R mesial temporal lobe cystic lesion | Ganglioglioma |
7 | F | 35 | 20 | pb, pht | Unremarkable | Mild hippocampal gliosis and neuronal loss |
8 | M | 39 | 18 | pht | R lateral ventricle enlargement; atrophy and increased signal of R Hippocampus | Mild hippocampal gliosis |
9 | F | 43 | 34 | cbz XR, ltg, tpm | Possible tumor in L temporal lobe | Gliosis in white matter of cerebral cortex |
10 | F | 50 | 42 | lev | Chiari I malformation | Heterotopic neurons in molecular layer of cerebral cortex; gliosis in amygdala |
MTLE | ||||||
1 | M | 17 | 1 | pht | Atrophic R hemisphere | Hippocampal sclerosis |
2 | M | 37 | 31 | cbz | Mucus retention cyst in R temporal lobe | Hippocampal sclerosis |
3 | M | 37 | -- | none | -- | Hippocampal sclerosis |
4 | M | 50 | -- | none | L hippocampal atrophy | Hippocampal sclerosis |
5 | M | 18 | <1 | cbz, czp, pht | Unremarkable | Hippocampal sclerosis |
6 | F | 27 | 20 | cbz | Infarct in R occipital lobe status post R occipital lobectomy; R occipital lesion, questionable cavernous hemangioma | Hippocampal sclerosis |
7 | M | 16 | 11 | vpa | R mesial temporal atrophy; T2 intensity changes in R anterior hippocampus and amygdala | Hippocampal sclerosis |
8 | M | 32 | 29 | pht, pri | L hippocampal atrophy | Hippocampal sclerosis |
9 | M | 25 | 16 | dpa, pht, pri | L hippocampal atrophy | Hippocampal sclerosis |
10 | F | 44 | 34 | cbz, czp, vpa | Hypo-intense abnormality in L anterior temporal tip; R hippocampal atrophy | Hippocampal sclerosis |
11 | F | 24 | 18 | ace, cbz | R hippocampal and R temporal neocortical atrophy | Hippocampal sclerosis |
12 | M | 26 | 23 | pht | L hippocampal atrophy | Hippocampal sclerosis |
13 | F | 52 | 27 | pht, vpa | R hippocampal atrophy | Hippocampal sclerosis |
14 | F | 18 | 7 | cbz, ltg, pht | Unremarkable | Hippocampal sclerosis |
15 | M | 22 | -- | none | Infarct in R inferior temporal lobe | Hippocampal sclerosis |
16 | F | 22 | 8 | pb, pht | Bilateral hippocampal atrophy; diffuse hemisphere atrophy; L frontal lobe encephalomalacia | Hippocampal sclerosis |
17 | F | 14 | 9 | cbz XR, ltg | L mesial temporal sclerosis; increased signal on FLAIR sequence in L hippocampus | Hippocampal sclerosis |
18 | F | 54 | 43 | ltg, pri | R mesial temporal sclerosis; increased signal on FLAIR sequence in R hippocampus | Hippocampal sclerosis |
19 | M | 15 | 11 | czp, pht, pri | L hippocampal atrophy; signal abnormality in R frontal lobe | Hippocampal sclerosis |
Patient and classification | Sex | Age (years) | Postmortem interval (hrs) | Cause of death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Autopsy | ||||
1 | M | 33 | 6 | Adenocarcinoma of lung with widespread metastases |
2 | M | 52 | 3 | Myocardial infract, coronary atherosclerosis |
3 | F | 49 | 5 | Ruptured berry aneurysm, R posterior inferior cerebellar artery |
4 | F | 76 | 4 | Peritonitis |
Abbreviations: ace, acetazolamide; AEDs, antiepileptic drugs; cbz, carbamazepine; clo, cloracepate; czp, clonazepam; dpa, dipropylacetic acid; L, left; ltg, lamotrigine; MTLE, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy; pb, phenobarbital; pht, phenytoin; pri, primidone; R, right; tpm, topiramate; vpa, valproate; XR, extended release. (“—“ indicates data not available).