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. 2013 Jan 24;35(1):33–50. doi: 10.1093/epirev/mxs004

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© The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 5. — Hazard ratios for development of physical and cognitive impairment over time, estimated using baseline indicators of functioning, among persons aged ≥40 years, 2000–2011. A) Impact of physical functioning at baseline on the risk of cognitive impairment; B) impact of baseline cognition on the risk of physical impairment. Individual studies are represented by squares; the subtotal provides a within-group variance-weighted average and is represented by a diamond. Bars, 95% confidence interval (CI).