Table 2. Concentration (pg/ml, mean ± SEM) of cytokines measured in media taken from primary human macrophages after incubation with vehicle (PBS) or acLDL with or without HDL.

Cytokine (pg/ml)	Vehicle	acLDL	acLDL+HDL
GM-CSF	ND	483±243	520±241
IL-8	2191±1077	62931±22647*	71201±31284*
TNF-α	27±10	3847±1055*	2784±994*
IL-1 RA	71536±29032	122636±36818	120776±41493
MCP1	3126±1319	7725±2989	8837±3736
MIP-1α	99±27	56225±16782*	44473±13117*
MIP-1β	88±47	17101±5508*	18183±6645*
RANTES	28±9	1042±303*	909±244*
IL-10	ND	684±144	589±130

Media was added to skeletal myotube cultures at a concentration of 2% (diluted in regular media). *indicates significantly increased above Con, P<0.05. ND: Not detectable.

GM-CSF, granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor; IL-8, interleukin-8; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; MCP1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MIP-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α; MIP-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β; RANTES, regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted; IL-10, interleukin-10.