Table 1. Patient Characteristics.
| ICU evaluation | Post-ICU evaluation | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||
| Characteristic | Baseline (N = 122) |
Sleep QI (N = 178) |
P valuea |
Baseline (N = 34) |
Sleep QI (N = 38) |
P valuea |
| Age, median (IQR) | 54 (43-63) | 54 (44-66) | 0.75 | 53 (41-61) | 54 (34-62) | 0.77 |
| Female, n (%) | 54 (44.3) | 93 (52.3) | 0.17 | 16 (47.1) | 24 (63.2) | 0.17 |
| White race, n (%) | 49 (40.2) | 82 (46.1) | 0.31 | 10 (29.4) | 19 (50.0) | 0.08 |
| Living at home before ICU admission, n (%) | 95 (77.9) | 139 (78.1) | 0.96 | 27 (79.4) | 32 (84.2) | 0.60 |
| Home sleep questionnaireb | ||||||
| Pre-existing sleep problems, n (%) | 27 (22.1) | 48 (27.0) | 0.34 | 9 (26.5) | 18 (47.4) | 0.07 |
| Describes sleep as, n (%) | 0.24 | 0.82 | ||||
| Very Good | 34 (27.9) | 40 (22.5) | 12 (35.3) | 13 (34.2) | ||
| Somewhat good | 40 (32.8) | 50 (28.1) | 16 (47.1) | 15 (39.5) | ||
| Very bad/somewhat bad | 15 (12.3) | 36 (20.2) | 5 (14.7) | 9 (23.7) | ||
| Unknown/not answered | 33 (27.1) | 52 (29.2) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (2.6) | ||
| Taking Sleep Medications, n (%) | 0.58 | 0.85 | ||||
| >4 times per week | 11 (9.0) | 16 (9.0) | 5 (14.7) | 5 (13.2) | ||
| 1-4 times per week | 7 (5.7) | 16 (9.0) | 4 (11.8) | 3 (7.9) | ||
| Never or unknown | 104 (85.3) | 146 (82.0) | 25 (73.5) | 30 (79.0) | ||
| ICU Admission Diagnosis, n (%) | ||||||
| Respiratory failure (including pneumonia) | 38 (31.2) | 52 (29.2) | 0.52 | 9 (26.5) | 7 (18.4) | 0.18 |
| Gastrointestinal | 19 (15.6) | 27 (15.2) | 3 (8.8) | 9 (23.7) | ||
| Sepsis (non-pulmonary) | 11 (9.0) | 25 (14.0) | 2 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Cardiovascular | 16 (13.1) | 15 (8.4) | 4 (11.8) | 8 (21.1) | ||
| Other | 38 (31.2) | 59 (33.2) | 16 (47.1) | 14 (36.8) | ||
| Ever received mechanical ventilation overnight in MICU, n (%) | 78 (63.9) | 83 (46.6) | 0.01 | 16 (47.1) | 11 (29.0) | 0.11 |
Abbreviations: ICU - Intensive Care Unit; QI - Quality Improvement; IQR - Interquartile Range; MICU - Medical ICU
a
Calculated using Wilcoxon rank sum for continuous variables, and chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests, as appropriate, for categorical variables.
b
Baseline sleep questionnaires could not be completed for 30 (25%) and 51 (29%) of baseline and sleep QI patients, and 1 (3%) and 1 (3%) post-ICU patients due to patient being moribund or comatose(without proxy), or other reasons.