Table 5.

Financial, Occupational and Cognitive Returns to Adults' Schooling Level and Location. L.A. FANS^a

	Logged Family Income	Occupational Status	Adult Reading Comprehension	Child Reading Skill
Some secondary highest, no U.S.	0.207	1.243	4.075^*	5.286^*
	(0.12)	(1.04)	(1.93)	(2.62)
Secondary highest, no U.S.	0.151	1.689	4.902^*	2.136
	(0.13)	(1.08)	(2.04)	(2.99)
Some college highest, no U.S.	0.234	3.675	4.925	−0.0889
	(0.26)	(2.21)	(3.84)	(5.58)
College or more highest, no U.S.	0.306	14.311^**	18.592^**	13.680^**
	(0.20)	(1.64)	(3.02)	(4.60)
Coefficient Difference of Some vs. No U.S.
Primary highest	−0.301	0.0254	0.037	8.4
Some secondary highest	−0.359	2.897^*	1.797	4.47
Secondary highest	0.129	4.264^**	−4.79	6.52^*
Some college highest	0.154	7.627^**	3.095	−12.613
College or more highest	0.562^**	3.774^*	−13.45^**	1.256^*
Coefficient Difference of All vs. Some U.S.
Primary highest			2.451
Some secondary highest			−0.279
Secondary highest			7.463
Some college highest			9.67^*
College or more highest			26.17^**
Constant	2.708^**	38.949^**	4.026	40.088^**
	(0.26)	(1.95)	(4.06)	(8.59)
Wald Joint Significance Test for Schooling Location
χ2 (9)	6.27	39.58		2.55
p> χ2	0.00	0.00		0.01
χ2 (14)			20.49
p> χ2			0.00
N	2969	2998	1767	1522

Standard errors in parentheses. Omitted schooling level/location category is primary highest, none in U.S. Analyses of income, occupation and children's reading skill distinguish between some/all and no U.S. schooling within each level. Analyses of adult reading comprehension distinguish among all, some and no U.S. schooling within each level.

p<.05;

^**

p<.01 Asterisks in panel one indicate significance relative to omitted category. Asterisks in panels two and three indicate significance of the coefficient differences, obtained via Wald equality tests.

Income and occupation samples include RSAs and PCGs. Adult reading comprehension sample includes PCG respondents. Children's reading skill sample includes RSCs and siblings. All models control for race/ethnicity, age, sex, marital status, number of children in household, health during childhood, present health, documentation status, occupational status of household head at age 14, and occupational status of current household head (except occupational status and adult passage comprehension models). Adult and child reading skill models control for the language of the test and whether a non-English language is spoken at home. Child reading skill model also controls for child's age and parent's reading comprehension score.