Table 2.
Frequency distributions for demographic and neighborhood disadvantage (tertiles) by gambling status (N = 596)
| Overall | Past-year gamblersa | Frequent gamblersb | Gamblers with problemsc | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (col %) | n (row %) | aOR | 95 % CI | p | n (row %) | aOR | 95 % CI | p | n (row %) | aOR | 95 % CI | p | |
| Neighborhood disadvantage | |||||||||||||
| Least | 222 (37.3) | 51 (23.0) | 1.00 | 19 (37.3) | 1.00 | 5 (9.8) | 1.00 | ||||||
| Moderate | 180 (30.2) | 59 (32.8) | 1.66 | 1.02, 2.70 | 0.04 | 21 (35.6) | 0.86 | 0.37, 1.99 | 0.73 | 16 (27.1) | 3.78 | 0.92, 15.46 | 0.06 |
| High | 193 (32.4) | 78 (41.4) | 2.25 | 1.45, 3.48 | <0.001 | 40 (51.3) | 1.76 | 0.83, 3.73 | 0.14 | 38 (48.7) | 9.59 | 2.62, 35.16 | 0.001 |
| Missing | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |||||||||||
| Perceived racism | |||||||||||||
| Low | 316 (53.0) | 78 (24.7) | 1.00 | 29 (37.2) | 1.00 | 22 (28.2) | 1.00 | ||||||
| High | 275 (46.1) | 110 (40.0) | 2.22 | 1.42, 3.48 | 0.001 | 51 (46.4) | 1.57 | 0.82, 3.00 | 0.18 | 37 (33.6) | 1.62 | 0.83, 3.17 | 0.16 |
| Missing | 5 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |||||||||
| Sex | |||||||||||||
| Female | 287 (48.2) | 73 (25.4) | 1.00 | 24 (32.9) | 1.00 | 16 (21.9) | 1.00 | ||||||
| Male | 309 (51.9) | 115 (37.2) | 1.66 | 1.15, 2.41 | 0.01 | 56 (48.7) | 2.03 | 0.98, 3.48 | 0.06 | 43 (37.4) | 1.90 | 0.87, 4.14 | 0.11 |
| Race | |||||||||||||
| African American | 522 (87.6) | 159 (30.5) | 1.00 | 68 (42.8) | 1.00 | 50 (31.5) | 1.00 | ||||||
| Non-African American | 74 (12.4) | 29 (39.2) | 2.13 | 1.29, 3.54 | 0.003 | 12 (41.4) | 1.25 | 0.49, 3.19 | 0.64 | 9 (31.0) | 1.29 | 0.58, 2.88 | 0.53 |
| Household compositiond | |||||||||||||
| Two-Parent | 225 (37.8) | 69 (30.7) | 1.00 | 28 (40.6) | 1.00 | 23 (33.3) | 1.00 | ||||||
| Single-Parent | 293 (49.2) | 98 (33.5) | 1.27 | 0.88, 1.84 | 0.20 | 42 (42.9) | 1.03 | 0.51, 2.05 | 0.94 | 31 (31.6) | 0.78 | 0.34, 1.77 | 0.56 |
| Missing | 78 (13.1) | 21 (11.2) | 0.90 | 0.47, 1.72 | 0.74 | 10 (47.6) | 1.49 | 0.56, 3.94 | 0.43 | 5 (23.8) | 0.57 | 0.15, 2.26 | 0.43 |
| Subsidized lunchd | |||||||||||||
| No | 182 (30.6) | 59 (32.4) | 1.00 | 22 (37.3) | 1.00 | 15 (25.4) | 1.00 | ||||||
| Yes (free or reduce) | 409 (68.6) | 126 (30.8) | 0.92 | 0.74,1.32 | 0.65 | 57 (45.2) | 1.30 | 0.69,2.46 | 0.42 | 43 (34.1) | 1.26 | 0.48,3.31 | 0.64 |
| Missing | 5 (0.8) | 3 (1.6) | 1.50 | 0.41,5.50 | 0.54 | 1 (33.3) | 0.49 | 0.05,5.13 | 0.55 | 1 (33.3) | 0.46 | 0.04,5.36 | 0.53 |
| Intervention statusd | |||||||||||||
| Control | 197 (33.1) | 57 (28.9) | 1.00 | 21 (36.8) | 1.00 | 20 (35.1) | 1.00 | ||||||
| Intervention | 399 (66.9) | 131 (32.8) | 1.13 | 0.84,1.53 | 0.43 | 59 (45.0) | 1.45 | 0.76,2.79 | 0.26 | 39 (29.8) | 0.78 | 0.42,1.44 | 0.42 |
All models adjusted for perceived racism, sex, race, household, subsidized lunch, intervention, and neighborhood disadvantage
aReference group = nongamblers
bReference group = infrequent past-year gamblers
cReference group = past-year gamblers with no gambling problems
dAssessed in first grade (mean age = 6.2)