Neomycin stabilizes a new ribosome rotation state. (A) Cartoon illustrating the labeling strategy used to probe subunit rotation. The low FRET state reports on the unrotated, locked conformation; the high FRET state reports on the rotated, unlocked conformation. (B) Population FRET histograms across a range of neomycin concentrations. At neomycin concentrations <1 µM, the low FRET state is stabilized. At neomycin concentrations >1 µM, a new FRET state emerges and is stabilized, reporting on a previously uncharacterized intermediate state of subunit rotation. Figure adapted from. (74)