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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 11.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Cell. 2013 Jan 24;23(2):143–158. doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.12.008

Figure 6. Phenformin induces a significant therapeutic response in KLluc lung tumors.

Figure 6

(A) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained whole lung sections of KLluc mice treated with vehicle (saline) or phenformin, scale bar = 4 mm.

(B-E) Representative images of lung tumors from KLluc mice treated with vehicle (saline) or phenformin. (B) Tumor necrosis, scale bar = 50 μm (C) Activated caspase 3, scale bar= 50 μm. Inset represents magnification of caspase 3 stained cells, scale bar = 25 μm. (D) Ki67 stain, scale bar = 50 μm. Inset represents magnification of Ki67 stained cells, scale bar = 25 μm. (E) Mixture of bronchiolar-epithelial adenocarcinoma (BEAC) and mucinous bronchiolar-epithelial adenocarcinoma (mBEAC) shown with arrow, scale bar = 200 μm. Inset represents magnification of mBEAC cells, scale bar = 50 μm.

(F) Mean percentage of necrotic tumor area in vehicle and phenformin treated KLluc mice. **p-value = 0.002.

(G) Mean percentage of tumor cell apoptosis from vehicle and phenformin treated KLluc mice. ***p-value < 0.0001.

(H) Ki67 index for vehicle and phenformin treated KLluc mice. (I) Total BEAC and mBEAC tumor area (μm2) in vehicle and phenformin treated KLluc mice **p-value < 0.006. n=5 KLluc mice per treatment group (vehicle or phenformin).

Statistical analysis performed using an unpaired Student’s t test.

All data are represented as the mean ± SEM.