Table 1.
Demographic Statistics for the Study Participants and Variables (N = 341)
| Frequency (%) | Range | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Min | Max | |||
| Control Variables | ||||||
| Child age (months) | 46.9 | 6.6 | 32 | 61 | ||
| Child ethnicity | Hispanic | 222 (67%) | ||||
| White | 50 (15%) | |||||
| Asian | 21 (6%) | |||||
| Black | 11 (3%) | |||||
| Native American | 4 (1%) | |||||
| Other/Multi | 22 (7%) | |||||
| Languages spoken at home* | English | 209 (63%) | ||||
| Spanish | 207 (63%) | |||||
| Other | 19 (6%) | |||||
| Maternal education (yrs) | 13.0 | 3.1 | 8 | 20 | ||
| Family income | $37,500 | $30,561 | $2,500 | $87,500 | ||
| Predictor Variables: Children’s Engagement in the Classroom | ||||||
| Positive Engagement w/ Teachers | 2.15 | 0.53 | 1.21 | 4.33 | ||
| Positive Engagement w/ Peers | 2.46 | 0.52 | 1.33 | 4.62 | ||
| Positive Engagement w/Tasks | 3.48 | 0.57 | 2.13 | 5.36 | ||
| Negative Classroom Engagement | 1.64 | 0.35 | 1.00 | 3.06 | ||
| Outcome Variables: Children’s Regulation | ||||||
| Task orientation (teacher report) | Fall | 3.61 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 5.00 | |
| Spring | 3.79 | 0.90 | 1.00 | 5.00 | ||
| Compliance/EC (direct assessment) | Fall | 0.00 | 0.86 | −1.37 | 2.19 | |
| Spring | −0.01 | 0.86 | −1.58 | 1.56 | ||
| Emotion Regulation (teacher report) | Fall | 3.13 | 0.80 | 1.63 | 4.00 | |
| Spring | 3.18 | 0.57 | 1.63 | 4.00 | ||
| Observed Dysregulation (assessor report) | Fall | −0.00 | 0.66 | −1.21 | 2.91 | |
| Spring | −0.00 | 0.67 | −1.13 | 3.68 | ||
Note.
*
Parents may report more than one language spoken at home