Table 3. REML estimates of variance components (V_A: additive genetic; V_Dam: dam; V_M: maternal environmental; V_D: dominance genetic; V_Res: residual) for hatching time, larval length, and yolk sac volume for each treatment, in addition to heritabilities and coefficients of additive genetic variation (CV_A).

	Hatching Time		Length		Yolk Sac Volume
	Control	PF	Control	PF	Control	PF
VA	74.8***	45.6***	0.002***	0.001**	4.8*	5.8**
VD	5.2	0	0	0	0	4.4
VDam	58.9***	36.3***	0.002***	0.001***	172.5***	164.3***
VM	40.2	24.9	0.002	0.001	171.3	162.8
VBlock	0	12.8	0.0003	0.0005	17.0	26.7
VResidual	105.1	92.6	0.01	0.01	49.4	37.1
h 2	0.40	0.30	0.13	0.07	0.02	0.03
CVA	1.9	1.4	3.7	2.8	1.3	1.5

Linear mixed models were fitted to the data independently by treatment for each trait, and variance components were extracted from the models (see Methods for details). The significance of each variance component was determined by comparing a model incorporating the effect of interest to one lacking it.

^***p<0.001, ^** p<0.01, ^* p<0.05, ⁺p<0.10.