Table 1.
Demographic and Health Care Characteristics of Study Populations
| CHF | Diabetes | |
|---|---|---|
| Total | Total | |
| N | 9,596 | 52,668 |
| Gender, female (%) | 4,287 (44.7%) | 27,051 (51.4%) |
| Age, mean (SD) | 72.5 (11.1) | 63.7 (11.3) |
| Number of ADGs, mean (SD) | 11.3 (3.9) | 9.2 (3.9) |
| Payer type distribution | ||
| Commercial | 2,619 (27.3%) | 28,245 (53.6%) |
| Medicare | 5,809 (60.5%) | 17,429 (33.1%) |
| other/unknown | 1,168 (12.2%) | 6,994 (13.3%) |
| Product type distribution | ||
| HMO | 3,336 (34.8%) | 22,626 (43.0%) |
| PPO | 5,268 (54.9%) | 24,025 (45.6%) |
| other/unknown | 992 (10.3%) | 6,017 (11.4%) |
| Mean number of providers seen (SD)* | 2.86 (1.37) | 2.50 (0.83) |
| PCP seen (%) | 8,201 (85.5%) | 45,293 (86.0%) |
| Usual provider of care, mean (SD) | 61.3 (15.9) | 61.3 (15.0) |
| Continuity of care, mean (SD) | 0.42 (0.19) | 0.34 (0.22) |
| Total costs, mean (SD) | $29,456 ($42,252) | $14,921 ($27,177) |
| Inpatient costs, mean (SD) | $14,255 ($32,636) | $4,278 ($16,657) |
| Outpatient costs, mean (SD) | $12,219 ($18,384) | $7,421 ($16,344) |
| Pharmacy costs, mean (SD) | $2,983 ($4,795) | $3,222 ($5,165) |
| Hospitalization (%) | 4,012 (41.8%) | 7,562 (14.4%) |
| Number of hospitalizations, mean (SD)† | 1.74 (1.24) | 1.47 (1.03) |
*PCPs and cardiologists were providers for the CHF cohort. PCPs, cardiologists, endocrinologists, ophthalmologists and podiatrists were providers for the diabetes cohort
†Among patients who were hospitalized