Table 3.
Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms among Older Persons
| Variables | O.R. | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Region | |||
| Southern | 1 | ||
| Northern | 0.74 | 0.53–1.02 | .064 |
| Central | 0.64 | 0.52–0.81 | .000 |
| Residence | |||
| Rural | 1 | ||
| Urban | 1.48 | 1.19–1.84 | .000 |
| Age | |||
| 60–69 | 1 | .574 | |
| 70–79 | 1.09 | 0.86–1.37 | .494 |
| 80+ | 1.16 | 0.875–1.56 | .317 |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 1 | .343 | |
| Female | 1.12 | 0.88–1.42 | .449 |
| Education | |||
| Higher | 1 | .185 | |
| None | 2.23 | 0.68–7.31 | .318 |
| Primary | 1.86 | 0.55–6.29 | .422 |
| Middle | 1.69 | 0.47–6.07 | .525 |
| Secondary | 1.54 | 0.41–5.76 | .415 |
| Marital Status | |||
| Never Married | 1 | ||
| Married | 0.81 | 0.26–2.47 | .706 |
| Sep/ Divorced | 1.50 | 0.39–5.82 | .560 |
| Widowed | 0.89 | .29–2.73 | .838 |
| Living Index | |||
| High | 1 | ||
| Low | 2.56 | 2.02–3.24 | .000 |
| Independent Source of Income | |||
| Yes | 1 | ||
| No | 1.87 | 1.42–2.48 | .000 |
| Functional Impairment | |||
| No Impairment | 1 | .000 | |
| Moderate Impairment | 1.00 | 0.73–1.38 | .993 |
| High Impairment | 2.61 | 2.02– 3.37 | .000 |
| Self Reported Ailments | |||
| None | 1 | .000 | |
| One | 1.62 | 1.14– 2.28 | .007 |
| Multiple | 2.89 | 2.00–4.18 | .000 |