Table 1.
Sample characteristics: mean ± SD (range)
| Females (n=128) | Males (n=118) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Immature: <13.2 years | Mature: ≥13.2 years | Immature: <15.6 years | Mature: ≥15.6 years | |||||
| Age (years)*°† | 10.3 ± 1.5 | (7.7 – 13.1) | 19.7 ± 4.7 | (13.3 – 29.8) | 12.0 ± 2.2 | (7.8 – 15.3) | 20.2 ± 3.8 | (15.8 – 29.5) |
| Weight (kg)*°†‡ | 40.3 ± 12.4 | (18.4 – 77.4) | 61.6 ± 9.9 | (44.1 – 96.5) | 44.7 ± 16.1 | (21.0 – 90.7) | 72.3 ± 12.0 | (45.6 – 118.5) |
| BMI (kg/m2)*° | 18.8 ± 3.4 | (12.4 – 28.3) | 22.5 ± 3.4 | (14.7 – 33.1) | 18.9 ± 3.7 | (13.4 – 28.6) | 22.3 ± 3.1 | (15.2 – 29.5) |
| Stature (cm)*°†‡ | 144.5 ± 12.2 | (117.8 – 179.9) | 165.4 ± 7.0 | (150.1 – 185.0) | 151.4 ± 15.4 | (119.0 – 184.5) | 179.8 ± 7.1 | (159.4 – 200.6) |
| Sitting height (cm)*°†‡ | 76.1 ± 5.7 | (63.4 – 92.9) | 88.1 ± 3.9 | (78.6 – 98.4) | 78.8 ± 7.4 | (64.1 – 96.5) | 94.1 ± 3.8 | (84.9 – 103.6) |
| Lower limb length (cm)*°†‡ | 68.4 ± 6.9 | (54.4 – 87.1) | 77.2 ± 4.2 | (68.6 – 89.9) | 72.6 ± 8.4 | (53.5 – 92.1) | 85.7 ± 4.3 | (74.6 – 97.0) |
| Forward velocity (cm/s)* | 127.3 ± 13.1 | (100.1 – 164.3) | 123.0 ± 15.1 | (88.9 – 156.6) | 123.6 ± 17.5 | (85.0 – 164.1) | 121.2 ± 14.7 | (89.6 – 162.6) |
| Normalized cadence*°†‡ | 0.567 ± 0.039 | (0.490 – 0.705) | 0.536 ± 0.034 | (0.424 – 0.607) | 0.549 ± 0.049 | (0.428 – 0.704) | 0.526 ± 0.037 | (0.453 – 0.619) |
| Initial double support time (%)*°† | 9.6 ± 1.4 | (6.9 – 13.6) | 11.5 ± 1.4 | (8.1 – 14.9) | 10.1 ± 1.7 | (6.2 – 14.1) | 11.8 ± 1.3 | (8.3 – 15.5) |
| Single support time (%)*°†‡ | 40.3 ± 1.4 | (36.3 – 43.2) | 38.5 ± 1.4 | (35.0 – 42.1) | 39.9 ± 1.6 | (36.0 – 43.9) | 38.1 ± 1.3 | (34.5 – 41.9) |
| Base of support*‡ | 2.53 ± 0.50 | (1.60 – 4.28) | 2.96 ± 0.66 | (1.81 – 5.58) | 2.48 ± 0.53 | (1.50 – 4.71) | 2.58 ± 0.63 | (1.44 – 4.56) |
| Normalized step length*°†‡ | 0.873 ± 0.067 | (0.733 – 1.046) | 0.830 ± 0.070 | (0.672 – 1.03) | 0.845 ± 0.080 | (0.645 – 1.049) | 0.793 ± 0.064 | (0.636 – 0.987) |
*
Means differ significantly between age groups within females (two-sample t-test; p≤0.01).
°
Means differ significantly between age groups within males (two-sample t-test; p≤0.01).
†
Means differ significantly between sexes within immature age class (two-sample t-test; p≤0.05).
‡
Means differ significantly between sexes within mature age class (two-sample t-test; p≤0.05).