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. 2012 Jul 6;14(4):R161. doi: 10.1186/ar3901

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Copyright ©2012 Brezinschek et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Model of B-cell differentiation (adapted from [10,12,16]). *All patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had significantly fewer CD38⁺post-switch B cells in comparison with healthy age-matched controls. European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) non-responders (NR) had a significantly higher frequency of CD95⁺pre-switch memory B cells. Rituximab responders (R) had significantly lower levels of plasmablast before treatment and more B cells differentiated into double-negative B cells that are less likely to generate plasma cells [29].