Table 3.
Outcome data of the randomized controlled trials included in the meta-analysis (comparison of probiotics versus control)
| Study | Incidence of NP/VAP, n/N |
ICU mortality, n/N | In-hospital mortality, n/N |
Length of ICU stay, median days (range) | Length of hospital stay, median days (range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barraud et al. [30] | 23/87 vs. 15/80 (VAP) | 21/87 vs. 21/80 |
NA | 18.7 ± 12.4 vs.20.2 ± 20.8 | 26.6 ± 22.3 vs. 28.9 ± 26.4 |
| Besselink et al. [33] | 24/152 vs. 16/144 | NA | 24/152 vs. 9/144 |
6.6 ± 17.1vs. 3.0 ± 9.3 | 28.9 ± 41.5 vs. 23.5 ± 25.9 |
| Forestier et al [31] | 24/102 vs. 24/106 (VAP) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Giamarellos-Bourboulis et al. [23] | 15/36 vs. 16/36 (VAP) | NA | 5/36 vs. 10/36 |
NA | NA |
| Kanazawa et al. [24] | 0/21 vs. 1/23 | NA | 0/21 vs. 0/23 |
1.3 ± 0.9 vs. 1.3 ± 0.7 |
36.9 ± 16.4 vs. 47.0 ± 19.2 |
| Knight et al. [32] | 12/130 vs.17/129 (VAP) | 28/130 vs. 34/129 |
35/130 vs. 42/129 |
6 (3-11) vs. 7 (3-14) |
19 (3-36) vs. 18 (7-32) |
| Morrow et al. [22] | 17/68vs. 33/70 (VAP) | NA | 12/68 vs.15/70 |
14.8 ± 11.8 vs. 14.6 ± 11.6 | 21.4 ± 14.9 vs. 21.7 ± 17.4 |
| Rayes et al. [25] | 2/30 vs. 6/30 | NA | 0/30 vs. 0/30 |
NA | 14 ± 4 vs. 16 ± 5.5 |
| Rayes et al. [26] | 0/33 vs. 1/33 | NA | 0/33 vs.0/33 |
8.80 ± 0.9 vs. 10.2 ± 1.8 |
27.8 ± 2.4 vs. 27.9 ± 2.1 |
| Rayes et al. [27] | 0/40 vs. 4/40 | NA | 1/40 vs. 1/40 | 2 ± 3 vs. 6 ± 12 | 17 ± 8 vs. 22 ± 16 |
| Spindler-Vesel et al. [28] | 4/26 vs. 34/87 (VAP) | 2/26 vs. 5/87 |
NA | NA | NA |
| Tan et al.[29] | 9/22 vs. 14/21 | NA | 0/22 vs. 1/21 | 7.1 ± 3.3 vs.11.3 ± 7.9 |
NA |
ICU: intensive care unit; NA: not available; NP: nosocomial pneumonia; VAP: ventilator-associated pneumonia.