Table 1.

Basic science research of the role of vitamin D in infection

Immune response to bacteria

• Modulates cytokine profiles and hemostatic parameters in response to bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) in rodent models and in vitro experiments of human monocytes and endothelial cells

• Involved in the macrophage response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bronchial cell response to Pseudomonas aeroginosa, and bladder cell response to Escherichia coli via the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin

Immune response to fungi

• Modulates cytokine profiles in human monocytes exposed to Candida albicans

Immune response to virus

• Decreases production of inflammatory proteins without increase in viral replication in tracheobronchial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus