Table 4.
Cumulative 31- to 365-day mortality and corresponding adjusted hazard ratios (HRs)
| Number | Without AKI | With AKI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cumulative mortality % (95%CI) |
Adjusted HR (95%CI) |
Cumulative mortality % (95%CI) |
Adjusted HRa (95%CI) |
||
| Overall | 25,539 | 10.7 (10.3-11.1) | 1 (reference) | 22.2 (20.7-23.7) | 1.49 (1.36-1.63) |
| Age group, years | |||||
| ≥ 15 < 40 | 4,516 | 1.7 (1.4-2.1) | 1 (reference) | 5.1 (2.8-8.9) | 1.52 (0.79-2.94) |
| ≥ 40 < 60 | 6,627 | 7.5 (6.9-8.2) | 1 (reference) | 15.4 (12.9-18.3) | 1.58 (1.27-1.97) |
| ≥ 60 < 80 | 11,561 | 13.8 (13.2-14.5) | 1 (reference) | 23.8 (21.7-26.0) | 1.41 (1.25-1.59) |
| ≥ 80 | 2,835 | 21.8 (20.2-23.6) | 1 (reference) | 34.2 (30.1-38.5) | 1.46 (1.22-1.74) |
| Charlson comorbidity index score | |||||
| Low (score 0) | 13,834 | 5.5 (5.1-5.9) | 1 (reference) | 15.3 (13.4-17.4) | 1.88 (1.59-2.22) |
| Medium (score 1 to 2) | 8,403 | 14.5 (13.7-15.4) | 1 (reference) | 25.8 (23.3-28.5) | 1.60 (1.40-1.83) |
| High (score ≥ 3) | 3,302 | 24.6 (23.0-26.2) | 1 (reference) | 29.6 (26.1-33.5) | 1.12 (0.94-1.34) |
| Surgical statusc, d | |||||
| Non-surgical | 9,234 | 10.3 (9.6-10.9) | 1 (reference) | 22.1 (20.0-24.5) | 1.42 (1.24-1.63) |
| Surgical | |||||
| Acute non-cardiac | 8,038 | 13.1 (12.4-13.9) | 1 (reference) | 23.97 (21.5-26.5) | 1.46 (1.27-1.68) |
| Acute cardiac | 873 | 5.6 (4.2-7.4) | 1 (reference) | 21.4 (14.5-30.9) | 4.44 (2.63-7.51) |
| Elective non-cardiac | 4,039 | 14.3 (13.2-15.4) | 1 (reference) | 19.1 (15.2-23.9) | 1.28 (0.98-1.67) |
| Elective cardiac | 3.355 | 3.8 (3.2-4.5) | 1 (reference) | 12.0 (6.4-21.8) | 2.96 (1.50-5.85) |
| Primary diagnosis during current hospitalization | |||||
| Septicemia | 340 | 21.8 (15.9-29.6) | 1 (reference) | 17.7 (13.0-23.7) | 0.81 (0.49-1.32) |
| Infectious diseases | 2,380 | 10.0 (8.8-11.4) | 1 (reference) | 19.8 (16.2-24.0) | 1.28 (1.02-1.61) |
| Endocrinology diseases | 498 | 10.2 (7.4-14.0) | 1 (reference) | 12.1 (8.0-18.2) | 0.85 (0.48-1.50) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 6,829 | 6.2 (5.7-6.9) | 1 (reference) | 20.9 (17.5-24.8) | 2.21 (1.76-2.78) |
| Respiratory diseases | 1,202 | 22.0 (19.6-24.7) | 1 (reference) | 31.6 (25.2-39.1) | 1.27 (0.94-1.73) |
| Gastrointestinal or liver diseases | 2,486 | 14.0 (12.6-15.6) | 1 (reference) | 25.3 (21.7-29.4) | 1.75 (1.41-2.17) |
| Cancer or other neoplasm | 3,350 | 24.5 (23.0-26.0) | 1 (reference) | 32.0 (26.9-37.7) | 1.17 (0.93-1.46) |
| Trauma or poisoning | 4,560 | 5.3 (4.6-6.0) | 1 (reference) | 20.7 (16.2-26.2) | 1.85 (1.36-2.53) |
| Other | 3,894 | 8.1 (7.3-9.1) | 1 (reference) | 19.0 (15.7-22.9) | 1.37 (1.08-1.75) |
| Chronic kidney diseaseb | |||||
| Yes | 3,084 | 19.5 (18.0-21.1) | 1 (reference) | 28.7 (25.2-32.5) | 1.43 (1.19-1.71) |
| No | 22,455 | 9.6 (9.2-10.0) | 1 (reference) | 20.5 (18.9-22.2) | 1.48 (1.33-1.64) |
| ICU treatments | |||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 8,976 | 10.6 (10.0-11.4) | 1 (reference) | 24.6 (22.3-27.0) | 1.49 (1.30-1.70) |
| Inotropes/vasopressors | 7,691 | 12.3 (11.5-13.2) | 1 (reference) | 24.7 (22.5-27.1) | 1.46 (1.27-1.66) |
aCompared to patients without AKI within subgroups and adjusted for age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index score, surgical status, and chronic kidney disease.
beGFR < 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2.
cSurgical status and cardiac surgical status identified by surgery and surgical type on or up to 7 days before ICU admission, respectively.
dAcute and elective status classified according to hospital admission type.
AKI, acute kidney injury; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; ICU, intensive care unit.